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Southern Tang

Southern Tang (also referred to as Nantang) (; pinyin Nán Táng) was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created following the Tang Dynasty from 937-975. Southern Tang replaced the Wu Kingdom when Li Bian (a.k.a. Xu Zhigao) deposed the emperor Yang Pu.

The capital was located in Jinling (also known as Xidu), located in present-day Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. The territory comprised parts of modern Fujian, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and the whole of Jiangxi Province.

Southern Tang was conquered in 976 by the Northern Song Dynasty.

History
Rulers
References
See also
External links

History

A Literary Garden, by Zhou Wenju, Southern Tang era.

Li Bian was an orphan who was adopted by the Wu prince Yang Xingmi. He was then adopted by Xu Wen, the Prime Minister of Wu and was renamed Xu Zhigao. Upon Xu Wen's death, he took over power in Wu, and was made a prince of Qi. In 937 he proclaimed himself emperor. In 940, he changed his name back to Li Bian and renamed the state to Tang (history would refer to it as Southern Tang).

The state was relatively large and prosperous compared to the other Ten States of that period. Li Bian's rule was comparatively stable and prosperous.

Li Jing took over when his father Li Bian died in 943.

The Southern Tang was able to expand its holdings far beyond those of its Wu Kingdom predecessor. It took advantage of a rebellion in the Kingdom of Min when the northwest revolted and set up the Kingdom of Yin. Min appealed for help, but instead of helping, the Southern Tang absorbed the rebellious territory into its own. Then, by 945, the Southern Tang completed its conquest of the Min Kingdom and absorbed it into its own boundaries.

As with the Min, the Southern Tang was able to take advantage of internal squabbles within Chu to expand its territory even further. The Ma family had internal squabbles. The Southern Tang sent in an army in 951 and removed the ruling family to their own capital in Nanjing, and absorbed the territory.

However, Li Jing suffered a setback from the Later Zhou Dynasty between 956 and 958, and ceded away all of its land north of the Yangtze River. Li Jing became a vassal of the Later Zhou Dynasty.

Li Houzhu (a.k.a Li Yu) took over Southern Tang from his father upon his death in 961. Li Houzhu was more interested in poetry than ruling. After surrendering to the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Houzhu was taken to the Song capital.

Rulers

**Sovereigns in Southern Tang Kingdom 937-975**
Temple Names ( Miao Hao ?? miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao ?? )	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao ??) and their according range of years
Convention for this kingdom only : Nan (Southern) Tang + posthumous names. Hou Zhu was referred to as Li Hou Zhu\|??? l? hòu zh?.
?? xi?n zh? or ?? liè z?	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	?? l? biàn	937-943	Shengyuan (?? sh?ng yuán) 937-943
?? zh?ng zh? or ?? yuán z?ng	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	?? l? j?ng	943-961	Baoda (?? b?o dà) 943-958 Jiaotai (?? ji?o tài) 958 Zhongxing (?? zh?ng x?ng) 958
?? hòu zh? or ?? wú wáng	None	?? l? yù	961-975	Did not exist