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Sixth dynasty of Egypt

The Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the title "Old Kingdom".

Rulers

Teti
Pepi I
Pepi II
Nitiqret

The rise of the nobility
References

Rulers

Known rulers of the Sixth Dynasty are as follows (the absolute dates given are suggestions rather than facts, as the error margin amounts to tens of years):

**Sixth Dynasty**
Name	Comments	Dates
Teti		2345 BC – 2333 BC
Userkare		2333 BC – 2332 BC
Pepi I Meryre		2332 BC – 2283 BC
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I		2283 BC – 2278 BC
Pepi II Neferkare		2278 BC – 2184 BC
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II		2184 BC
Nitiqret? or Neitiqerty Siptah		2184 BC – 2183 BC

The Sixth Dynasty of Egypt is considered by many authorities as the last dynasty of the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt, although The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt ^[1] includes the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties as part of the Old Kingdom. Manetho writes that these kings ruled from Memphis, since their pyramids were built at Saqqara, very close one to another. ^[2]

Teti

The Sixth Dynasty was founded by Teti, who had married Iput, commonly believed to be the daughter of King Unas of the Fifth Dynasty. Manetho claimed that Teti was eventually murdered by his own bodyguard, but no contemporary sources confirm this. ^[3]

Pepi I

During this dynasty, expeditions were sent to Wadi Maghara in the Sinai to mine for turquoise and copper, as well as to the mines at Hatnub and Wadi Hammamat. Pharaoh Djedkara sent trade expeditions south to Punt and north to Byblos, and Pepy I sent expeditions not only to these locations, but also as far as Ebla in modern day Iraq.

Pepi II

The most notable member of this dynasty was Pepi II, who is credited with a reign of 94 years^[4], the longest in the history of ancient Egypt.

Nitiqret

Also known by the Greek name Nitocris, this woman is believed by some authorities to have been not only the first female ruler of Egypt, but the first in the literate world, although it is currently accepted that her name is actually a mistranslation of Neitiqerty Siptah.

The rise of the nobility

With the growing number of biographical inscriptions in non-royal tombs ^[5], our knowledge of the contemporary history broadens. ^[6] For example, we hear of an unsuccessful plot against Pepy I. ^[7] We also read a letter written by the young king Pepy II, excited that one of his expeditions will return with a dancing pygmy from the land of Yam, located to the south of Nubia. ^[8]

These non-royal tomb inscriptions are but one example of the growing power of the nobility, which further weakened the absolute rule of the king. As a result, it is believed that on the death of the long-lived Pepy II his vassals were entrenched enough to resist the authority of his many successors, which may have contributed to the rapid decline of the Old Kingdom.