Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (also known as Broad Thumb-Hallux syndrome) is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe mental retardation, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected individuals. People with this condition have an increased risk of developing noncancerous and cancerous tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is uncommon, occurring in an estimated 1 in 125,000 births.

Features of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

An isolated case was described in 1957 by Michail, Matsoukas and Theodorou.^[1] In 1963 Jack H. Rubinstein and Hooshang Taybi described a larger series of cases.^[2]

Typical features of the disorder include:

• Broad thumbs and broad first toes
• Mental disability
• Small height, bone growth, small head
• Cryptorchidism in males
• Unusual faces involving the eyes, nose, and palate

1 out of 300,000 children are born with RTS

Genetics

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.

Mutations in the EP300 gene are responsible for a small percentage of cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. These mutations result in the loss of one copy of the gene in each cell, which reduces the amount of p300 protein by half. Some mutations lead to the production of a very short, nonfunctional version of the p300 protein, while others prevent one copy of the gene from making any protein at all. Although researchers do not know how a reduction in the amount of p300 protein leads to the specific features of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, it is clear that the loss of one copy of the EP300 gene disrupts normal development.

References

External links

• RTS - Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome - A site devoted to the families and people diagnosed with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome.
• RTS - Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Argentina - RTS Argentina - www.rubinsteintaybi.com.ar - Grupo de Apoyo - Historias.-
• History of RTS by J.H. Rubinstein.

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