Proto-Iranian
Proto-Iranian , is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Iranians , are assumed to have lived in the early 2nd millennium BC , and are usually connected with the Proto-Indo-Iranians and early Andronovo archaeological horizon.
Proto-Iranian was a Satem language , likely removed less than two millennium from the late Proto-Indo-European language , and in turn removed less than a millennium from the Avesta language. It is the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Sogdian, Zazaki, Mazandarani, Kurdish and others.
Proto-Indo-European and Indo-Iranian Phonological Correspondences
Av
PIE
Av
|-
| *p
>
p
*p h?a t?r "father"
pi tar- "father"
|-
| *bh
>
b
*bh réha t?r "brother"
b r?tar- "brother
|-
| *t
>
t
*t uhx óm "thou"
t v?m "thou"
|-
| *d
>
d
*d oru "wood"
d ?r- "wood"
|-
| *dh
>
d
*dh ohx neha - "grain"
d ?na- "grain"
|-
| *k?
>
s
*dék? m? "ten"
das a "ten"
|-
| *?
>
z
*? ónu "knee"
z ?nu- "knee"
|-
| *?h
>
z
*?h imós "cold"
z ?maka- "winterstorm"
|-
| *k
>
x ~ ?
*kr uha rós "bloody"
x r?ra- "bloody"
|-
| *g
>
g ~ z
*ha éug es- "strength"
ao? ah "strength"
|-
| *gh
>
g ~ z
*dl?hx gh ós "long"
dar?g a- "long"
|-
| *kw
>
k ~ c
*kw ós "who"
k ? "who"
|-
| *gw
>
g ~ ?
*gw ou- "cow"
g au- "cow"
|}
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Old Iranian (OP , Av )
Vedic Sanskrit
Av, OP aspa
a?va
OP baj- (b?ji; "tribute")
bhag- (bhaga )
OP br?tar
bhr?t?
OP b?mi
bh?m?
OP martya
martya
OP m?ha
m?sa
OP v?hara ("spring")
v?sara ("morning")
Av a?a , OP arta
?ta
Av druj , OP draug-
druh-
Av haoma
soma
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