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Proto-Iranian

Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the early 2nd millennium BC, and are usually connected with the Proto-Indo-Iranians and early Andronovo archaeological horizon.

Proto-Iranian was a Satem language, likely removed less than two millennium from the late Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn removed less than a millennium from the Avesta language. It is the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Sogdian, Zazaki, Mazandarani, Kurdish and others.

Proto-Indo-European and Indo-Iranian Phonological Correspondences

Av PIE Av
|-
| *p  
> p *ph?at?r "father" pitar- "father"
|-
| *bh 
> b *bhréhat?r "brother" br?tar- "brother
|-
| *t  
> t *tuhxóm "thou" tv?m "thou"
|-
| *d  
> d *doru "wood" d?r- "wood"
|-
| *dh 
> d *dhohxneha- "grain" d?na- "grain"
|-
| *k?  
> s *k?m? "ten" dasa "ten"
|-
| *?  
> z *?ónu "knee" z?nu- "knee"
|-
| *?h 
> z *?himós "cold" z?maka- "winterstorm"
|-
| *k  
> x ~ ? *kruharós "bloody" xr?ra- "bloody"
|-
| *g 
> g ~ z *haéuges- "strength" ao?ah "strength"
|-
| *gh 
> g ~ z *dl?hxghós "long" dar?ga- "long"
|-
| *kw 
> k ~ c *kwós "who" k? "who"
|-
| *gw 
> g ~ ? *gwou- "cow" gau- "cow"
|}

Proto-Indo-Iranian Old Iranian (OP, Av) Vedic Sanskrit
  • açva ("horse")
Av, OP aspa a?va
  • bhag-
OP baj- (b?ji; "tribute") bhag- (bhaga)
  • bhr?tr- ("brother")
OP br?tar bhr?t?
  • bh?m? ("earth", "land")
OP b?mi bh?m?
  • martya ("mortal, "man")
OP martya martya
  • m?sa ("moon")
OP m?ha m?sa
  • v?sara ("early")
OP v?hara ("spring") v?sara ("morning")
  • arta ("truth")
Av a?a, OP arta ?ta
  • draugh- ("falsehood")
Av druj, OP draug- druh-
  • sauma "pressed (juice)"
Av haoma soma





Source: Wikipedia | The above article is available under the GNU FDL. | Edit this article


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