Primate city
A primate city is a major city that works as the financial, political, and population center of a country and is not rivaled in any of these aspects by any other city in that country. Normally, a primate city must be at least twice as populous as the second largest city in the country. The presence of a primate city in a country usually indicates an imbalance in development ? usually a progressive core, and a lagging periphery, on which the primate city depends for labor and other resources.[1] Not all countries have primate cities (Germany , India , and the People's Republic of China for example), but in those that do, the rest of the country depends on it for cultural, economic, political, and major transportation needs. Among the best known examples of primate cities are alpha world cities of London and Paris . Other major primate cities include Athens , Baghdad , Bangkok , Buenos Aires , Cairo , Lima , Mexico City , Seoul , Tehran , and Vienna .
Some examples of nations without a primate city would include India , with the four main cities of Delhi , Mumbai , Kolkata and Chennai ; Brazil , whose capital and political centre, Brasilia , is dwarfed in size and culture by São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro ; Italy , whose political seat at Rome is balanced by its business, financial and fashion "capital" of Milan ; Australia , which has many large cities including Sydney , Melbourne and Brisbane , while the political centre resides in the smaller city of Canberra ; South Africa , with three official capitals in Pretoria , Cape Town and Bloemfontein , each housing a different branch of government, and two cities larger than any of the above, namely the main commercial centre Johannesburg and largest port Durban ; and the United States , whose financial and cultural centres are widely dispersed throughout the country in cities such as New York , Chicago , Boston , and Los Angeles and whose political centre is located in Washington, D.C.
Some countries, such as the United States, Australia and Canada , have regional and/or provincial/state primate cities, such as Atlanta, Georgia ; Winnipeg, Manitoba ; and Perth in Western Australia .
List of primate cities
Africa
Accra , Ghana
Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
Antananarivo , Madagascar
Bamako , Mali
Bangui , Central African Republic
Brazzaville , Republic of the Congo
Cairo , Egypt
Conakry , Guinea
Cotonou , Benin
Dakar , Senegal
Gaborone , Botswana
Harare , Zimbabwe
Kigali , Rwanda
Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
Lagos , Federal Republic of Nigeria
Libreville , Gabon
Lomé , Togo
Luanda , Angola
Lusaka , Zambia
Malabo , Equatorial Guinea
Maputo , Mozambique
Monrovia , Liberia
Nairobi , Kenya
Niamey , Niger
N'Djamena , Chad
Nouakchott , Mauritania
Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso
Tunis , Tunisia
Windhoek , Namibia
Asia
Amman , Jordan
Bangkok , Thailand
Baku , Azerbaijan
Bishkek , Kyrgyzstan
Colombo , Sri Lanka
Damascus , Syria
Dhaka , Bangladesh
Doha , Qatar
Dushanbe , Tajikistan
Istanbul , Turkey
Jakarta , Indonesia
Kabul , Afghanistan
Kathmandu , Nepal
Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
Kuwait City , Kuwait
Muscat , Oman
Phnom Penh , Cambodia
Pyongyang , North Korea
Seoul , South Korea
Tashkent , Uzbekistan
Tbilisi , Georgia
Thimpu , Bhutan
Tehran , Iran
Tokyo , Japan
Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia
Yangon , Burma
Yerevan , Armenia
Central America & Caribbean
Europe
Athens , Greece
Belgrade , Serbia
Bratislava , Slovakia
Brussels , Belgium
Bucharest , Romania
Budapest , Hungary
Copenhagen , Denmark
Dublin , Ireland
Helsinki , Finland
Kiev , Ukraine
Lisbon , Portugal
Ljubljana , Slovenia
London , United Kingdom
Luxemburg , Luxemburg
Minsk , Belarus
Paris , France
Podgorica , Montenegro
Prague , Czech Republic
Reykjavík , Iceland
Riga , Latvia
Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Skopje , Macedonia
Sofia , Bulgaria
Tallinn , Estonia
Tirana , Albania
Zagreb , Croatia
North America
Oceania
South America
Countries without a primate city
Australia (see Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , Adelaide and Canberra )
Bolivia (see Santa Cruz , La Paz , Sucre )
Brazil (see São Paulo , Rio de Janeiro and Brasília )
Canada (see Toronto , Montreal , Ottawa , Calgary , and Vancouver )
China (see Beijing , Shanghai , Hong Kong , Chongqing , and Guangzhou )
Colombia (see Bogotá , Medellín , Cali , Barranquilla and Pereira )
Ecuador (see Quito , Guayaquil )
Germany (see Berlin , Hamburg , Munich , Frankfurt and Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area)
India (see Delhi , Mumbai , Kolkata and Chennai )
Israel (see Tel Aviv , Haifa , Beersheva , Ashdod and Jerusalem )
Italy (see Rome , Milan and Naples )
Kazakhstan (see Almaty , Astana and Karaganda )
Liechtenstein (see Vaduz and Schaan )
Lithuania (see Vilnius and Kaunas )
Malawi (see Lilongwe and Blantyre )
Netherlands (see Amsterdam , Rotterdam and The Hague )
New Zealand (see Auckland , Wellington , and Christchurch )
Pakistan (see Karachi , Lahore and Islamabad )
Philippines (see Manila and Cebu )
Poland (see Warsaw , Gda?sk and Kraków )
Russia (see Moscow and St Petersburg )
Saudi Arabia (see Riyadh , Jeddah and tri-city area of Dammam /Dhahran /Al-Khobar )
South Africa (see Pretoria , Cape Town , Bloemfontein , Durban and Johannesburg )
Spain (see Madrid , Barcelona )
Swaziland (see Mbabane , Manzini )
Sweden (see Stockholm , Gothenburg , and Malmö )
Switzerland (see Zurich , Geneva and Berne )
Taiwan (see Taipei , Kaohsiung and Taichung )
United States (see New York , Los Angeles , Chicago , Washington, D.C. )
Vietnam (see Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City )
Primate cities in subnational entities
Australia
Brazil
Belém , Pará
Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais
Curitiba , Paraná
Fortaleza , Ceará
Manaus , Amazonas
Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul
Recife , Pernambuco
Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro (state)
Salvador , Bahia
São Paulo , São Paulo (state)
Canada
China
Germany
India
Italy
Mexico
South Africa
United Kingdom
United States
Albuquerque , New Mexico (not political capital)
Atlanta , Georgia
Anchorage , Alaska (not political capital)
Boise , Idaho
Boston , Massachusetts
Chicago , Illinois (not political capital)
Denver , Colorado
Des Moines , Iowa
Detroit , Michigan (not political capital)
Honolulu , Hawaii
Indianapolis , Indiana
Jackson , Mississippi
Las Vegas , Nevada (not political capital)
Little Rock , Arkansas
Louisville , Kentucky (not political capital)
Milwaukee , Wisconsin (not political capital)
Minneapolis-Saint Paul , Minnesota (While neither Minneapolis nor St. Paul are a primate city by themselves, the metropolitan area centered on the two cities can be considered as such.)
New Orleans , Louisiana , (not political capital)
Omaha , Nebraska (not political capital)
Philadelphia , Pennsylvania (not political capital)
Phoenix , Arizona
Portland , Oregon (not political capital)
Providence , Rhode Island
Salt Lake City , Utah
San Juan , Puerto Rico
Seattle , Washington (not political capital)
Subnational entities without a primate city
Australia
Brazil
Canada
Germany
China
India
Italy
Mexico
Baja California (see Mexicali , and Tijuana )
Chihuahua (see Chihuahua , and Ciudad Juarez )
Coahuila (see Saltillo , and Torreon )
Durango (see Durango , and Gomez Palacio )
Guerrero (see Chilpancingo , and Acapulco )
Guanajuato (see Guanajuato , Leon , Irapuato and Celaya )
Quintana Roo (see Chetumal , and Cancun )
Tamaulipas (see Ciudad Victoria , Tampico , and Reynosa )
Veracruz (see Xalapa , and Veracruz )
United Kingdom
United States
Alabama (see Montgomery , Birmingham and Mobile )
Connecticut (see Hartford , Bridgeport , and New Haven )
California (see Los Angeles , San Francisco Bay Area , Sacramento and San Diego )
Florida (see Jacksonville , Miami , Orlando , Tallahassee and Tampa Bay Area )
Kansas (see Topeka , Wichita , and Kansas City )
Kentucky (see Lexington , Louisville and Northern Kentucky )
Maryland (see Baltimore and Suburban Washington D.C. )
Missouri (see Jefferson City , Kansas City and St. Louis )
New Jersey (see Newark , Jersey City and Trenton )
New York (see New York City , Buffalo , Albany and Rochester )
North Carolina (see The Triangle , the Piedmont Triad and Charlotte )
Ohio (see Columbus , Cincinnati and Cleveland )
Oklahoma (see Oklahoma City and Tulsa )
Pennsylvania (see Philadelphia , Pittsburgh and Harrisburg )
South Carolina (see Columbia , Greenville-Spartanburg and Charleston )
Tennessee (see Knoxville , Memphis and Nashville )
Texas (see Austin , San Antonio , Houston , Dallas-Fort Worth and El Paso )
Vermont (see Burlington , Rutland , and Montpelier )
Virginia (see Hampton Roads , Northern Virginia , and Richmond )
West Virginia (see Charleston , Huntington , and Morgantown )
Wyoming (see Cheyenne , Casper , and Laramie )
See also
Notes
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