The President of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the Polish Head of State. He or she is directly elected by the people to serve for 5 years. president can be reelected but not more than once. Constitution of Poland dentermine president's obligations. The President of the Republic of Poland is the head of state, the supreme representative of Poland on the international area. He has the executive authority. He has a right to dissolve the parliament when it fails to form a Council of Ministers Although in the English language the Polish head of state is commonly referred to as President of Poland, in Poland the President is always referred to as President of the Republic of Poland or Prezydent RP, never President of Poland (Prezydent Polski).

Powers

Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland

The President has a right to initiate the legislative process. He also has the opportunity to directly influence it by using his veto to stop a bill; however, his veto can be overruled by a three-fifths majority vote in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of members of the Sejm (230). Before signing a bill into law, the President can also ask the Constitutional Tribunal to verify its compliance with the Constitution, which in practice bears a decisive influence on the legislative process.

In his role as supreme representative of the Polish state, the President ratifies and revokes international agreements, nominates and recalls ambassadors, and accepts the accreditations of representatives of other states. The President also makes decisions on the award of state distinctions and orders. In addition, he has the right of clemency, viz. he can dismiss final court verdicts (in practice, the President consults such decisions with the Minister of Justice).

Presidential Palace on Krakowskie Przedmie?cie in Warsaw, with equestrian statue of Prince Józef Poniatowski by Bertel Thorvaldsen.

The President is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces; he appoints the Chief of General Staff and the commanders of all the armed forces; in wartime he nominates the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and can order the general mobilization. The President performs his duties with the help of the following offices: the Chancellery of the President, the Office of National Security, and the Body of Advisors to the President.

Presidential residencies and properties

Several properties are owned by the Office of the President and are used by the Head of State as his or her official residence, private residence, residence for visiting foreign officials etc.

• The Presidential Palace in Warsaw, largest palace in Warsaw, the official seat of the President of the Republic of Poland since 1993, the first presidential tenant was Lech Wa??sa when he moved to the Palace from Belweder in 1994.

• Belweder in Warsaw, was the official seat of the President until 1993, currently owned by the Office of the President as the official residence of the President and is used by the President and the Government for ceremonial purposes. The palace also serves as an official residence for heads of state on official visits to Poland and other important guests.

• Presidential Castle in Wis?a, a château built for the Habsburgs as their hunting cottage, rebuilt 1929-1931 and used as recreational residence by the President Ignacy Mo?cicki. Since 2002 again a property of the President, restored and opened in 2005 by the President Aleksander Kwa?niewski. It is today a recreational and conference centre for the President and a hotel.

• Residence of the President of the Republic of Poland in ?ucie?

• Manor House of the President of the Republic of Poland in Ciechocinek

Acting President of Poland

Former Presidents

Since former Presidents of Poland are for the most part well-known, public figures (quite often of celebrity status) each of them is entitled to lifetime personal protection (though only within state limits) by Biuro Ochrony Rz?du officers, in addition to receiving a substantial pension and being given a private office.

As of 2007 four former Presidents of Poland are alive:

• Wojciech Jaruzelski (served 1989-1990, before 1989 he was Chairman of the State Council, also titular head of state, and President of the People's Republic of Poland until December 1989)
• Ryszard Kaczorowski (served 1989-1990), the last President in Exile
• Lech Wa??sa (served 1990-1995) - first President elected by direct popular vote
• Aleksander Kwa?niewski (served 1995-2005) - first President to serve two terms

Additional information

Age upon entering office

• Lech Kaczy?ski - 56 years old
• Aleksander Kwa?niewski - 41 years old (youngest president)
• Lech Wa??sa - 47 years old
• Wojciech Jaruzelski - 66 years old
• Ryszard Kaczorowski - 70 years old
• Kazimierz Sabbat - 73 years old
• Edward Raczy?ski - 87 years old (oldest at time of entering and leaving)
• Stanis?aw Ostrowski - 79 years old
• August Zaleski - 63 years old
• W?adys?aw Raczkiewicz - 54 years old
• Boles?aw Bierut - 54 years old
• Ignacy Mo?cicki - 58 years old
• Stanis?aw Wojciechowski - 53 years old
• Gabriel Narutowicz - 57 years old

Other information

• Four Presidents who died in office
  • Gabriel Narutowicz (assassinated)
  • W?adys?aw Raczkiewicz (natural causes)
  • August Zaleski (natural causes)
  • Kazimierz Sabbat (natural causes)

• Four Presidents who resigned from office
  • Stanis?aw Ostrowski
  • Ignacy Mo?cicki (escaped into exile after Germany occupied Poland in September 1939)
  • Wojciech Jaruzelski (agreed to shorten his term)
  • Ryszard Kaczorowski (resigned after election of Lech Wa??sa, effectively abolishing the Polish government in exile in favour of the new President)

• Three Presidents who were elected by direct vote
  • Lech Wa??sa (elected in 1990, not reelected in 1995)
  • Aleksander Kwa?niewski (elected in 1995 and reelected in 2000)
  • Lech Kaczy?ski (elected in 2005, incumbent)

• Presidents who were elected by Parliament
  • Gabriel Narutowicz
  • Stanis?aw Wojciechowski
  • Ignacy Mo?cicki
  • Boles?aw Bierut
  • Wojciech Jaruzelski

• Presidents who were not formally elected (by Parliament or direct vote), but were appointed (all in the Polish government in exile)
  • W?adys?aw Raczkiewicz
  • August Zaleski
  • Stanis?aw Ostrowski
  • Edward Raczy?ski
  • Kazimierz Sabbat
  • Ryszard Kaczorowski

See also

• Polish presidential elections of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005
• Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
• List of Polish presidents
• List of Polish monarchs
• Lists of incumbents
• Naczelnik pa?stwa

Fictional presidents

• President Julian Szcz?sny (played by Andrzej Seweryn) - President in Polish political drama TV series Ekipa. By the end of season one he died after injuries result by shot down his helicopter over Kabul during a visit
• Acting President Jan Matajewicz (played by Marek Fr?ckowiak) - also in Ekipa, a leader of major right-wing party and close ally to Szcz?sny briefly assumed, as Sejm Marshal, presidential duties after his death. He resigned after became a suspect in criminal case
• President Bartosz Czop (played by Andrzej Grabowski) - populist President in 19th meridian (19. po?udnik). Said to be modeled on Andrzej Lepper
• Outgoing President Kazimierz Czechmeszy?ski (played by Jan Machulski) - also in 19th meridian

External links

• President of Poland Official Website

cv:?????? ????????????? ??????? cs:Prezident Polska da:Polske prćsidenter de:Liste der Präsidenten Polens fr:Liste des présidents de la Pologne ko:???? ??? id:Presiden Polandia it:Presidenti della Polonia lv:Polijas prezidenti nl:Lijst van presidenten van Polen ja:??????????? pl:Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ru:?????? ??????????? ?????? vi:T?ng th?ng C?ng hňa Ba Lan zh:??????