Emancipation is a term used to describe various efforts to obtain political rights or equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally in discussion of such matters.

The word emancipation was in common use in political affairs of 18th and 19th century political discourse, as in Catholic or Jewish emancipation movements (see the emancipation page for more examples), while female suffrage was a major goal of women's emancipation movements.

Among others, Karl Marx discussed political emancipation in his 1844 essay "On the Jewish Question", although often in addition to (or in contrast with) the term human emancipation. Marx's views of political emancipation in this work were summarized by one writer as entailing "equal status of individual citizens in relation to the state, equality before the law, regardless of religion, property, or other ?private? characteristics of individual persons."^[1]

"Political emancipation" as a phrase is less common in modern usage, especially outside academic, foreign or activist contexts. However, similar concepts may be referred to by other terms. For instance, in the United States the civil rights movement culminating in the Voting Rights Act of 1965, can be seen as further realization of events such as the Emancipation Proclamation and abolition of slavery a century earlier.

See also

• Freedom (political)
• Emancipation of women, including the women's suffrage movement
• Catholic emancipation
• Jewish emancipation
• Emancipation of minors, where a minor becomes an adult in practice, usually by receiving a declaration of liberation from a court expressly for this purpose
• Youth rights
• Dunmore's Proclamation, a British promise during the American Revolutionary War to free slaves who joined the British forces
• Abolitionism (abolition of slavery), a political movement that sought to end the practice of slavery and the worldwide slave trade
• Emancipation Proclamation, a declaration by United States President Abraham Lincoln announcing that all slaves in Confederate territory still in rebellion were freed
• Manumission, the freedom of a slave by the owner voluntarily
• Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, the liquidation of serf dependence of Russian peasants by Alexander II of Russia
• Emancipist was a term used for former transported convicts in the Australian penal colonies given conditional or absolute pardon
• Self-determination
• Revolution (disambiguation)
• Liberation (disambiguation)

References

1. ↑ Notes on Political and Human Emancipation, Mark Rupert, Syracuse University.