Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille \pwä-'z?i\ (April 22, 1799 - December 26, 1869) was a French physician and physiologist.

Poiseuille was born in Paris, France.

From 1815 to 1816 he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris. He was trained in physics and mathematics. In 1828 he earned his D.Sc. degree with a dissertation entitled Recherches sur la force du coeur aortique. He was interested in the flow of human blood in narrow tubes.

Fluid flow

In 1838 he experimentally derived and in 1840 and 1846 formulated and published Poiseuille's law (or Hagen-Poiseuille law, named also after Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (1797-1884)). This concerns the voluminal laminar stationary flow of an incompressible uniform viscous liquid (so-called Newtonian fluid) through a cylindrical tube with constant circular cross-section. In other words, it applies to non-turbulent flow of liquids through pipes. It can be successfully applied to blood flow in capillaries and veins, to air flow in lung alveoli, for the flow through a drinking straw or through a hypodermic needle.

\Delta P = \frac{8 \mu L Q}{ \pi r^4}

where:

ΔP is the pressure drop

L is the length of pipe

μ is the dynamic viscosity

Q is the volumetric flow rate

r is the radius

π is pi

The unit of viscosity, Poise was named after him.

Poiseuille died in Paris.

See also

• Newtonian fluid
• viscosity

References

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