Domestic church of the Patriarchs of Moscow.

The history of the Russian Orthodox Church begins with the Baptism of Rus' at Kiev the date of which is commonly given as 988; however, the evidence surrounding this event is contested (see Christianisation of Kievan Rus'). In 1316 the Metropolitan of Kiev changed his see to the city of Vladimir, and in 1322 moved again to Moscow. In 1589, the see was elevated to a Patriarchate. The Patriarchate was abolished by Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Holy Governing Synod, and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called a Metropolitan again. The Patriarchate was restored in 1917 and suspended by the Soviet authorities in 1925. It was reinstituted for the last time in 1943 during WWII by the initiative of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

The following is a list of The Russian Orthodox Metropolitans of Moscow and Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia along with when they served:

Metropolitans

• • St. Cyril II (III), locum tenens (1240-1246)
• St. Cyril II (III) (1246-1281)
  • vacant (1281-1283)
• St. Maximus (1283-1305)
• St. Peter (1308-1326)
  • vacant (1326-1328)
• St. Theognostus (1328-1353)
• St. Alexius (1354-1378)
  • Mikhail (Mityay), locum tenens (1378-1379)
    • vacant (1379-1381)
• St. Cyprian (1381-1382)
• Pimen (1382-1384)
• St. Dionysius I (1384-1385)
  • vacant (1385-1390)
• St. Cyprian (1390-1406), restored
  • vacant (1406-1408)
• St. Photius (1408-1431)
  • vacant (1431-1433)
• Gerasim (1433-1435)
  • vacant (1435-1436)
• Isidore of Kiev (1436-1441)
  • vacant (1441-1448)
• St. Jonah (1448-1461)
• Theodosius (1461-1464)
• Philip I (1464-1473)
• Gerontius (1473-1489)
• Zosimus (1490-1494)
• Simon (1495-1511)
• Varlaam (1511-1521)
• Daniel (1522-1539)
• Joasaphus (1539-1542)
• St. Macarius (1542-1563)
• Athanasius (1564-1566)
• St. Herman (1566)
• St. Philip II (1566-1568)
• Cyril III (IV) (1568-1572)
• Anthony (1572-1581)
• Dionysius II (1581-1587)
• St. Job (1587-1589), the last metropolitan and the first patriarch of Russia.

Patriarchs, 1589-1700

• 1) Patriarch St. Job (1589-1605)
• Patriarch Ignatius (1605-1606) Not counted as legitimate by the Russian Orthodox Church
• 2) Patriarch St. Hermogenus (1606-1612)
  • vacant (1612-1619)
• 3) Patriarch St. Philaret (1619-1633)
• 4) Patriarch Joasaphus I (1634-1642)
• 5) Patriarch Joseph (1642-1652)
• 6) Patriarch Nikon (1652-1658)
  • Pitirim of Krutitsy, locum tenens (1658-1667)
• 7) Patriarch Joasaphus II (1667-1672)
• 8) Patriarch Pitirim (of Krutitsy) (1672-1673)
• 9) Patriarch Joachim (1674-1690)
• 10) Patriarch Adrian (1690-1700)
  • Stefan of Ryazan, locum tenens (1700-1721)

Metropolitans and archbishops of Moscow

Metropolitan Filaret, pictured in his cell, 1850.

• Stefan of Ryazan (1721-1742)
• Joseph (1742-1745)
• Plato I (1745-1754)
• Hilarion of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1754-1757)
• Timothy (1757-1767)
• Ambrosius (1768-1771)
• Samouel of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1771-1775)
• Plato II (1775-1812)
• Avgustin (1812-1819)
• Seraphim (1819-1821)
• St. Filaret (1821-1867)
• Innocent (1868-1879)
• Macarius I (1879-1882)
• Joannicius (1882-1891)
• Leontius (1891-1893)
• Sergius I (1893-1898)
• St. Vladimir (1898-1912)
• St. Macarius II (1912-1917)

Patriarchs, restored since 1917

St. Tikhon of Moscow.

• 11) Patriarch St. Tikhon (1917-1925)
  • vacant (1925-1943)
    • Metropolitan bishop Peter of Krutitsy, locum tenens (1925-1936), de facto only until 1926
    • Metropolitan bishop Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod, Deputy locum tenens (1926-1936)
    • Metropolitan bishop Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna (known before as Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod), locum tenens (1936-1943)
• 12) Patriarch Sergius I (known before as Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna) (1943-1944)
  • Alexius Archbishop of Novgorod and Metropolitan bishop of Leningrad, locum tenens (1944-1945)
• 13) Patriarch Alexius I (1945-1970)
  • Metropolitan bishop Pimen of Krutitsy and Kolomna, locum tenens (1970-1971),
• 14) Patriarch Pimen I (1971-1990)
  • Metropolitan bishop Filaret of Kiev and All Ukraine, locum tenens (03.05.1990-07.06.1990),
• 15) Patriarch Alexius II (1990-2008)
  • Metropolitan bishop Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad, locum tenens (since December 6, 2008)

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