Virus disease

These are tables of the clinically most important ^[1] viruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones.

By family

The clinically most notable ^[1] virus species belong to the following families:

By type

Type	Family	Transmission^[2]	Diseases ^[2]	Treatment^[2]	Prevention^[2]	laboratory diagnosis^[2]
adenovirus	adenoviridae	droplet contact (mainly) fecal-oral venereal direct contact (ocular infections)	acute febrile pharyngitis pharyngoconjunctival fever epidemic keratoconjunctivitis infantile gastroenteritis	None	None ^[4]	virus neutralization hemagglutination assay ELISA
Coxsackievirus	Picornaviridae	fecal-oral, droplet contact	Coxsackie infections	None	None	Cell culture, antibody detection
Epstein-Barr virus	Herpesviridae	Saliva	infectious mononucleosis Burkitt lymphoma	None	None	Antibody detection immunoflourescence ELISA Nucleic acid detection
Hepatitis A virus	Picornaviridae	fecal-oral	acute hepatitis	Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)	Vaccine immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis) avoid food-contamination	antibody detection
Hepatitis B virus	Hepadnaviridae	All body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, mother's milk etc.)	acute hepatitis chronic hepatitis hepatic cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma	immunoglobulin Adefovir ^[5] Entecavir ^[5] Pegylated interferon alfa-2^[5] Lamivudine^[5]	vaccine immunoglobulin (perinatal and post-exposure prophylaxis)	viral antigen detection antibody detection nucleic acid detection
Hepatitis C virus	Flaviviridae	blood (sexual)	acute hepatitis chronic hepatitis hepatic cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma \| Pegylated interferon alfa-2 Ribavirin ^[5]	None	antibody detection nucleic acid detection
Herpes simplex virus, type 1	Herpesviridae	direct contact with saliva and lesions	primary HSV-1 infection (gingivostomatitis in children, tonsillitis & pharyngitis in adults, keratoconjunctivitis) latent HSV-1 infection (herpes labialis, cold sores)	acyclovir famciclovir foscarnet penciclovir	None	immunofluorescence immunoperoxidase nucleic acid detection
Herpes simplex virus, type 2	Herpesviridae	sexually birth	primary HSV-2 infection latent HSV-2 infection aseptic meningitis	acyclovir famciclovir foscarnet penciclovir cidofovir	contact-avoidance with lesions safe sex	cell culture immunofluorescence immunoperoxidase nucleic acid detection
cytomegalovirus	Herpesviridae	tears urine semen saliva vaginal secretions mother's milk crosses placenta blood	infectious mononucleosis Cytomegalic inclusion disease	ganciclovir cidofovir foscarnet	None	antibody and nucleic acid detection
Human herpesvirus, type 8	Herpesviridae	Kaposi sarcoma multicentric Castleman disease primary effusion lymphoma	many in evaluation-stage	None	Nucleic acid and antibody detection
HIV	Retroviridae	sexual blood mother's milk	AIDS	HAART	zidovudine (perinatally) blood product screening safe sex	nucleic acid, p24 antibody detection
Influenza virus	Orthomyxoviridae	droplet contact	influenza (Reye syndrome)	amantadine rimantadine zanamivir oseltamivir	Influenza vaccine amantadine rimantadine	Hemagglutination assay antigen detection
measles virus	Paramyxoviridae	droplet contact	measles postinfectious encephalomyelitis	None	MMR vaccine	antibody detection
Mumps virus	Paramyxoviridae	droplet contact	Mumps	None	MMR vaccine	antibody detection
Human papillomavirus	Papovaviridae	direct contact	hyperplastic epithelial lesions (common, flat, plantar and anogenital warts, laryngeal papillomas, epidermodysplasia verruciformis) 55+ (hands/ feet) 30+ (anogenital/ some are oral/ throat/ respiratory) Malignancies for some species (cervical carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas)	liquid nitrogen laser vaporization cytotoxic chemicals interferon cidofovir	HPV vaccine wart tissue avoidance safe sex	Visual inspection Antigen detection Nucleic acid detection
Parainfluenza virus	Paramyxoviridae	droplet contact	croup pneumonia bronchiolitis common cold	None	None	Antibody detection
Poliovirus	Picornaviridae	fecal-oral	Poliomyelitis	None	Polio vaccine	Antibody detection
Rabies virus	Rhabdoviridae	Animal bite droplet contact	Rabies	Post-exposure prophylaxis	Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis	Histology (postmortem)
Respiratory syncytial virus	Paramyxoviridae	droplet contact, hand-to-mouth	bronchiolitis pneumonia influenza-like syndrome severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia	(ribavirin)	hand-washing avoidance	antibody and antigen detection
Rubella virus	Togaviridae	droplet contact	German measles congenital rubella	None	MMR vaccine	Antibody detection
Varicella-zoster virus	Herpesviridae	droplet contact	Varicella herpes zoster	Varicella: acyclovir famciclovir valacyclovir Zoster: acyclovir famciclovir	Varicella vaccine immunoglobulin	Cell culture antigen and nucleic acid detection

Virus disease

Contents

By family

By type

See also

References