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Orbitz

Orbitz Worldwide is an Internet travel company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.

Through its primary web site Orbitz.com, Orbitz Worldwide enables travelers to research, plan and book a broad range of travel products. Orbitz Worldwide is a publicly-traded company, listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: OWW), following its initial public offering (IPO) in July 2007. Orbitz Worldwide?s largest investor is Travelport, one of the world?s largest networks of travel brands, content and service offerings.

Originally established through a partnership of major airlines, and subsequently owned by various entities, Orbitz.com ? the flagship brand of Orbitz Worldwide ? has been in operation since 2001.

Other Orbitz Worldwide online travel companies include: CheapTickets® (www.cheaptickets.com) and the Away Network (www.away.com) in the Americas; ebookers® (www.ebookers.com) in Europe; and HotelClub (www.hotelclub.com) and RatestoGo (www.ratestogo.com), based in Asia Pacific with operations globally. Orbitz Worldwide also owns and operates a corporate travel company, Orbitz for Business.

Beginnings
Anti-trust concerns
IPO, sale, and future prospects
Technologies
Controversies

Southwest Airlines
The Ireland Incident

Trivia
Footnotes
References
External links

Beginnings

Orbitz was the airline industry's response to the rise of online travel agencies such as Expedia and Travelocity, as well as a solution to the continued increase in Global Distribution System GDS fees. Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Northwest Airlines, and United Airlines, subsequently joined by American Airlines, invested a combined $145 million to start the project in November 1999. It was code-named T2 ? some claimed, meaning "Travelocity Terminator" – but adopted the brand name Orbitz when it commenced corporate operations as DUNC, LLC (the initials of its first four founding airlines) in February 2000. ^[1] The company began Beta testing early the next year, and Orbitz.com officially launched in June 2001.

Anti-trust concerns

Even before the site began operating, the company faced intense antitrust scrutiny – because five of the six oligopolist "major" airlines were collaborating on the project. Collectively, they controlled 80 percent of the US air travel market. Several consumer organizations, as well as Orbitz's primary competitors at the time (Expedia, Sabre, Travelocity, Galileo) spent significant amounts of money lobbying the United States Department of Transportation to block the project from the outset, and some 23 state attorneys general also voiced concerns due to the complaints of local competitors. When the DOT permitted the company to move ahead in April 2001, the competitive lobbying effort was switched to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice and the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Among the concerns raised were these:

above all, the so-called Most Favored Nation provision, by which the airlines agreed not to cut deals with competing sites under more favorable terms than with Orbitz
the airlines' agreement to release certain discount fares only to Orbitz or other entities at Orbitz low distribution cost, at the expense of its online and offline competitors
that Computer Reservation System fee discounts extended to partner airlines would undermine competitors and damage the fledgling online travel industry
that the airlines would coordinate efforts secretly to reduce discounts
Orbitz was breaking out the service fee from the ticket price, not making the total price clear

Orbitz for Business logo.

The Interactive Travel Services Association (ITSA), an organization of Internet travel agencies and GDSes - all Orbitz competitors - issued a report in December 2001 arguing that Orbitz was stifling its members.

Partly in response to consumer advocate complaints, Orbitz announced in May 2002 it would make its fares available to customers via its call center for those consumers that did not have computer or internet access.

In July 2003, the Department of Justice ruled that Orbitz was not a cartel and did not pose a threat to competition. Orbitz's rapid growth had not impeded its online competitors' businesses which had continued to grow apace, and no evidence was found of price fixing. Additionally, changes in the marketplace had eroded both the advantages of the Most Favored Nation clause and the webfares that Orbitz had due to its low supplier cost. Orbitz continued its success in the market based upon its unique technology platform.

IPO, sale, and future prospects

In August 2003, Orbitz filed to do an initial public offering (IPO). Businessweek, commenting on the proposed IPO, noted that Orbitz lost $5.3 million in the first half of 2003 on revenue of $107 million; that airlines would control the board of directors of Orbitz even after the IPO; and that much of Orbitz's business model was structured to benefit the airlines at the cost of (future) shareholders. ^[2] In November, Orbitz filed paperwork to sell shares at between $22 and $24 each. ^[3]. The company went public on December 18, 2003 at a price per share of $26. ^[4]^[5] After the IPO, the airlines held 70% of the outstanding stock and over 90% of the voting power. ^[6] Because Orbitz had such a strong brand and consumer acceptance, most shareholders saw the carrier ownership as very positive for its long term sustainability.

On September 29, 2004, Orbitz was acquired for $1.25 billion by New York-based Cendant Corporation. Cendant paid $27.50 per share. ^[7]

Given Cendant's spate of acquisitions in Europe, there has been some speculation about Orbitz being exported to Europe as a brand or the continued use of acquired Cendant brands like ebookers and Octopus Travel. Currently, there is a large project underway to migrate all Cendant brands onto a common technology platform, with ebookers being migrated to the new platform first, followed by CheapTickets.

In June 2006, The Blackstone Group, a private equity firm, entered into a definitive agreement with Cendant Corp to acquire Travelport, its travel distribution services business for about $4.3B in cash, a significant reduction in value to the original acquisition prices of the individual companies. At the time, Travelport included the Orbitz travel reservation website used by consumers, the Galileo computer reservations system used by airlines and thousands of travel agents, Gulliver?s Travels and Associates wholesale travel business, and numerous other travel related software brands and solutions.

Travelport announced in May 2007 that it had filed a registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to sell a portion of Orbitz Worldwide in an initial public offering (IPO). Travelport said it planned to use a portion of the proceeds to pay down its debt. Trading began on July 20, 2007, and the IPO transaction closed on July 25, 2007. Travelport continues to own approximately 60 percent of Orbitz Worldwide following the IPO. As a result, Orbitz Worldwide remains an affiliate of Travelport. Orbitz Worldwide is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol OWW. The Orbitz IPO has been regarded by some as one of the worst of 2007. ^[8]

Technologies

Orbitz runs on a Red Hat Linux http://www.redhat.com/about/presscenter/2004/press_lw_keynote.html, Sun Solaris http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/index.jsp based platform and was an early adopter of Sun's Jini http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=95663 platform in a clustered Java environment. Both JBoss and BEA WebLogic are used as application servers within their environment along with various other proprietary and open source software. http://www.infoworld.com/article/06/04/03/76521_14FEosscaseorbitz_1.html Orbitz licenses ITA Software's Lisp-powered QPX software to power their site. Orbitz and ebookers are developing a common technology platform, which would enable the same platform to service multiple travel brands in multiple languages in different markets and currencies as well.

Orbitz has released parts of its Complex Event Processing infrastructure as Open Source.

Controversies

Southwest Airlines

Southwest Airlines filed a lawsuit against Orbitz for trademark infringement and false advertising in May 2001. Southwest, which had opposed the project from the outset, claimed Orbitz misrepresented its prices and used its trademarks without permission. In July, it withdrew its fares from Airline Tariff Publishing Company, the entity that distributes fare information to Orbitz and others, and dropped its case against Orbitz. Southwest went on to remove themselves from every other online outlet except their own, southwest.com.

Ironically, in June 2008 Orbitz For Business became one of the first Online Travel Agents to offer Southwest flights on the Orbitz For Business website. ^[9]

The Ireland Incident

Orbitz has been accused of illicit business practices involving the provision of travel for American students in Ireland. Orbitz is accused of using a bait and switch scheme to trick students into buying expensive tickets online. A lawsuit is pending in the Fourth Circuit Court.