Events

• 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
• 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
• 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
• 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
• 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
• 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
• 1649 - New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
• 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.
• 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1822 - In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, Joăo Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
• 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1904 - Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
• 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
• 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
• 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
• 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
• 1960 - The United States government places an embargo on Communist Cuba.
• 1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
• 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1974 - Niue becomes self-govering colony of New Zealand
• 1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon. The same day, the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is placed on the List of Endangered Species.
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
• 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. This is considered a Stock Market Crash.
• 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
• 1994 - The Goodnight Kiwi airs in New Zealand for the last time as TV2 moves to 24-hour television 7 days a week.
• 1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
• 2001 - SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
• 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the SPDC on charges of corruption.
• 2004 - Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
• 2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
• 2007 - Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati, which killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.

Births

• 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
• 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
• 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1591)
• 1605 - Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
• 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
• 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
• 1680 - John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
• 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
• 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
• 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
• 1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
• 1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
• 1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
• 1851 - Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
• 1858 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
• 1862 - Auguste Lumičre, French inventor (d. 1954)
• 1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
• 1873 - John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
• 1876 - Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (d. 1945)
• 1882 - Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
• 1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
• 1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
• 1895 - Frank Durbin, last American veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d.1999)
• 1896 - Bob O'Farrell, American baseball player (d. 1988)
• 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
• 1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
• 1900 - Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
• 1900 - Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990)
• 1901 - Arleigh Burke, American admiral (d. 1996)
• 1903 - Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971)
• 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
• 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
• 1909 - Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
• 1909 - Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
• 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1910 - Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
• 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1915 - Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician, and actor (d. 1974)
• 1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
• 1920 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
• 1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
• 1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
• 1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter
• 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
• 1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1936 - Tony Lo Bianco, American actor
• 1936 - James Bevel, American activist
• 1937 - Peter Max, American artist
• 1937 - Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer
• 1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor
• 1941 - Simon Ward, British actor
• 1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
• 1943 - Robin Holloway, British composer
• 1943 - Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987)
• 1944 - George McCrae, American soul singer
• 1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1945 - Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist
• 1945 - John Lithgow, American actor
• 1945 - Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
• 1946 - Philip Pullman, English writer
• 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comic strip artist
• 1948 - Patrick Simmons, American musician
• 1949 - Lynn Dickey, American football player
• 1949 - Jamie McGrigor, British politician
• 1951 - Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
• 1952 - Verónica Castro, Mexican actress and singer
• 1954 - Joe Bryant, American basketball player
• 1954 - Sam Allardyce, English football manager
• 1954 - Deborah Blum, American writer
• 1955 - Melpo Kosti, Greek actress
• 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
• 1956 - Bruce Weber, American Basketball Coach
• 1956 - Sunny Deol, Indian actor
• 1956 - Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver
• 1957 - Ray Richmond, American columnist and critic
• 1957 - Karl Wallinger, Welsh musician
• 1957 - Doug Kirby, American author and travel guide
• 1958 - Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
• 1958 - Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer and actor
• 1960 - Jonathan FeBland, English musician and artist
• 1962 - Tracy Chevalier, American author
• 1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer
• 1963 - Prince Laurent of Belgium
• 1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
• 1965 - Brad Daugherty, American basketball player
• 1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
• 1966 - Roger R. Cross, Jamaican-born actor
• 1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
• 1967 - Yoko Shimomura, Japanese composer
• 1968 - Sinitta, American singer
• 1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist and actor
• 1969 - Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer
• 1969 - DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ
• 1969 - John Edward, American TV Psychic
• 1970 - Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
• 1972 - Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
• 1972 - Pras, American musician
• 1973 - Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player
• 1973 - Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Joy Bryant, American actress
• 1976 - Omar Gooding, American actor
• 1976 - Desmond Harrington, American actor
• 1976 - Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Michael Young, baseball player
• 1977 - Louis-José Houde, Canadian stand-up comic
• 1977 - Jason Reitman, Canadian filmmaker
• 1977 - Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer
• 1978 - Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian race car driver
• 1978 - James Roberts, British Ice Hockey Player
• 1978 - Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
• 1978 - Henri Sorvali, Finnish musician
• 1979 - Brian Robertson, American trombonist
• 1979 - José Luis "Parejita" López, Mexican footballer
• 1980 - Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
• 1981 - Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish race car driver
• 1982 - Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer

Deaths

• 727 - Saint Frideswide
• 1187 - Pope Urban III
• 1216 - King John
• 1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
• 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
• 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
• 1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
• 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
• 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
• 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
• 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
• 1842 - Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
• 1851 - Marie Thérčse Charlotte (b. 1778)
• 1856 - William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
• 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
• 1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
• 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
• 1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
• 1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
• 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
• 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
• 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
• 1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
• 1960 - George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
• 1964 - Nettie Palmer, Australian poet and essayist (b. 1885)
• 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
• 1978 - Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
• 1985 - Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
• 1986 - Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
• 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
• 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1987 - Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
• 1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
• 1994 - Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
• 1995 - Don Cherry, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1936)
• 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
• 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
• 1999 - James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
• 2000 - Hortense Ellis, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1941)
• 2003 - Alija Izetbegovi?, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
• 2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
• 2003 - Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
• 2004 - Elliott Smith, American Singer Songwriter(b. 1969)
• 2005 - Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
• 2005 - Corinne Lévesque, wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943)
• 2006 - James Glennon, American cinematographer (b. 1942)
• 2007 - LaLa Brown, American singer (b. 1986)
• 2007 - Dr. Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943)
• 2007 - Michael Maidens, English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987)
• 2007 - Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
• Roman Catholic Saints - Saints Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, and Companions; Saint Frideswide
• Also see October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Albania - Mother Teresa Day.
• Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí
• Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
• French Republican Calendar - Tomate (Tomato) Day, twenty-eighth day in the Month of Vendémiaire
• Aaron, a saint of the Coptic Church
• Hindu Festivals, Concluding of Navratri Festival of India. It is a nine day festival attributed to the Goddess Durga, the Supreme-Divine manifested in form of Mother. The 10th day, Hindus celebrate Dasara, the mark of Lord Rama's victory over demon Ravana - Goddess Durga Day.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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