With 88 days between the equinox on September 23 and the solstice on 21 December, we are considered halfway through the relevant seasons (autumn or fall in the northern hemisphere; spring in the southern hemisphere) on this day.

Events

• 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with the government of the Prefecture of the Gauls.
• 1528 - Shipwrecked Spanish conquistador Álvar Núńez Cabeza de Vaca becomes the first known European to set foot in Texas.
• 1632 - Death of King Gustavus Adolphus the Great of Sweden in the Battle of Lützen during the Thirty Years War.
• 1789 - Pope Pius VI appoints Father John Carroll as the first Catholic bishop in the United States.
• 1844 - The first constitution of the Dominican Republic is adopted.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
• 1865 - American Civil War: CSS Shenandoah is the last Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe on its cruise that sank or captured 37 vessels.
• 1869 - In New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University defeats Princeton University, 6-4, in the first official intercollegiate American football game.
• 1913 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
• 1917 - World War I: Third Battle of Ypres ends: After three months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Passchendaele in Belgium.
• 1918 - The Second Polish Republic is proclaimed in Poland.
• 1925 - Secret agent Sidney Reilly is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.
• 1928 - Swedes start a tradition of eating Gustavus Adolphus pastries to commemorate the king.
• 1935 - Before the New York section of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Edwin Armstrong presents his paper "A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation."
• 1935 - First flight of the Hawker Hurricane.
• 1939 - World War II: Sonderaktion Krakau
• 1941 - World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin addresses the Soviet Union for only the second time during his three-decade rule. He states that even though 350,000 troops were killed in German attacks so far, the Germans had lost 4.5 million soldiers and that Soviet victory was near.
• 1942 - Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign begins.
• 1943 - World War II: Russia recaptures Kiev. Before withdrawing, the Germans destroy most of the city's ancient buildings.
• 1944 - Plutonium is first produced at the Hanford Atomic Facility, subsequently used in the Fat Man Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.
• 1947 - Meet The Press makes its television debut (the show went to a weekly schedule on September 12, 1948).
• 1957 - Félix Gaillard becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1962 - Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.
• 1963 - Vietnam War: Following the November 1 coup and execution of President Ngo Dinh Diem, coup leader General Duong Van Minh takes over leadership of South Vietnam.
• 1965 - Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States. By 1971, 250,000 Cubans will use this program.
• 1971 - The AEC tests the largest U.S. underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians.
• 1975 - Green March begins: 300,000 unarmed Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara.
• 1977 - The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, fails, killing 39.
• 1985 - In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the April 19 Movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, eventually killing 115 people, 11 of them Supreme Court justices.
• 1985 - "Irangate" scandal: The American press reveals that US President Ronald Reagan had authorized the shipment of arms to Iran.
• 1986 Sumburgh disaster - a British International Helicopters Boeing 234LR Chinook crashed 2.5 miles east of Sumburgh Airport killing 45 people. The deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record.
• 1999 - Australians vote to keep the British monarch as their head of state in the Australian republic referendum.
• 2002 - 12 people are killed in a fire on board a train headed for Vienna from Paris.
• 2004 - An express train collides with a stationary car near the village of Ufton Nervet, England, killing 6 and injuring 150.
• 2005 - The Evansville Tornado of November 2005 kills 25 in Northwestern Kentucky and Southwestern Indiana.
• 2005 - The military junta of Myanmar begins moving its government ministries from Yangon to Pyinmana.

Births

• 1391 - Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (d. 1425)
• 1479 - Joanna I of Castile, queen of Spain (d. 1555)
• 1494 - Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1566)
• 1550 - Karin Mĺnsdotter, Queen of Sweden (d. 1612)
• 1661 - King Charles II of Spain (d. 1700)
• 1692 - Louis Racine, French poet (d. 1763)
• 1753 - Mikhail Kozlovsky, Russian sculptor (d. 1802)
• 1753 - Jean-Baptiste Breval, French composer (d. 1823)
• 1814 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian inventor (d. 1894)
• 1833 - Jonas Lie, Norwegian author (d. 1908)
• 1841 - Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (d. 1915)
• 1841 - Armand Falličres, French president (d. 1931)
• 1851 - Charles Dow, American journalist and economist (d.1902)
• 1854 - John Philip Sousa, American composer (d. 1932)
• 1855 - Ezra Seymour Gosney, American philanthropist and eugenicist (d. 1942)
• 1860 - Ignace Paderewski, Polish pianist, composer, and President of Poland (d. 1941)
• 1861 - James Naismith, Canadian inventor of basketball (d. 1939)
• 1880 - Robert Musil, Austrian novelist (d. 1942)
• 1880 - Chris van Abkoude, Dutch-American writer and novelist (d. 1959)
• 1882 - Thomas Ince, American movie actor, director, producer. (d. 1924)
• 1887 - Walter Johnson, American baseball player (d. 1946)
• 1892 - Harold Ross, American editor (d. 1951)
• 1893 - Edsel Ford, president of Ford Motor Company (d. 1943)
• 1906 - James D. Norris, sportsman and businessman (Chicago Black Hawks) (d. 1966)
• 1914 - Jonathan Harris, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1916 - Ray Conniff, American composer and conductor (d. 2002)
• 1921 - James Jones, American writer (d. 1977)
• 1924 - Jeanette Schmid, Austrian professional whistler, AKA Baroness Lips von Lipstrill (d. 2005)
• 1926 - Frank Carson, Northern Irish comedian
• 1931 - Peter Collins, English race car driver (d. 1958)
• 1931 - Mike Nichols, American film director
• 1932 - Stonewall Jackson, American country singer
• 1937 - Joe Warfield, American actor
• 1938 - Mack Jones, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• 1938 - Jim Pike, American singer (The Lettermen)
• 1938 - P.J. Proby, American-born singer and actor
• 1938 - Diana E. H. Russell, South African feminist writer and activist
• 1938 - Dumitru Rusu, Romanian painter
• 1939 - Michael Schwerner, American civil rights activist (d. 1964)
• 1939 - Leonardo Quisumbing, Filipino Supreme Court jurist
• 1940 - Ruth Messinger, Manhattan Borough President and President of the American Jewish World Service
• 1946 - Sally Field, American actress
• 1946 - Fred Penner, Canadian children's entertainer
• 1947 - Jim Rosenthal, English sports presenter
• 1947 - George Young, Australian musician (AC/DC)
• 1948 - Glenn Frey, American singer (Eagles)
• 1949 - Brad Davis, American actor (d. 1991)
• 1949 - Arturo Sandoval, Cuban-born trumpeter
• 1949 - Joseph C. Wilson, Vice Chairman of Jarch Capital, LLC
• 1949 - Nigel Havers, English actor
• 1951 - Peter Althin, Swedish politician and attorney
• 1952 - Michael Cunningham, American writer
• 1954 - Catherine Crier, American television personality
• 1955 - Maria Shriver, American journalist
• 1957 - Klaus Kleinfeld, German industrialist
• 1957 - Siobhán McCarthy, Irish singer and actress
• 1957 - Lori Singer, American actress
• 1958 - Trace Beaulieu, American comic actor best known for his work in Mystery Science Theater 3000
• 1960 - Michael Cerveris, American actor
• 1961 - Florent Pagny, French songwriter and singer
• 1961 - Kazuhiko Aoki, Japanese game creator
• 1961 - Craig Goldy, guitarist for the band Dio
• 1962 - Aznil Nawawi, Malaysian host, actor and singer
• 1963 - Rozz Williams, American musician (Christian Death) (d. 1998)
• 1964 - Kerry Conran, American filmmaker
• 1964 - Corey Glover, American musician (Living Color)
• 1964 - Greg Graffin, American singer (Bad Religion)
• 1966 - Paul Gilbert, American guitarist and singer
• 1966 - Christian Lorenz, German keyboardist (Rammstein)
• 1966 - Peter DeLuise, American actor and director
• 1967 - Rebecca Schaeffer, American actress (d. 1989)
• 1968 - Alfred Williams, American football player
• 1968 - Jerry Yang, Chinese American entrepreneur (Yahoo!, Inc.)
• 1968 - Kelly Rutherford, American actress
• 1970 - Ethan Hawke, American actor
• 1972 - Garry Flitcroft, English footballer
• 1972 - Thandie Newton, English actress
• 1972 - Rebecca Romijn, American actress
• 1972 - Deivi Cruz, American baseball player
• 1973 - Nell McAndrew, British model
• 1974 - Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist
• 1975 - Anastasia Blue, American former pornographic actress
• 1976 - Mike Herrera, American singer and bassist (MxPx)
• 1976 - Jodi Martin, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1976 - Pat Tillman, American football player (d. 2004)
• 1976 - Catherine Clark, Canadian journalist (also daughter of former Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark)
• 1977 - Patrícia Tavares, Portuguese actress
• 1978 - Sandrine Blancke, Belgian actress
• 1978 - Daniella Cicarelli, Brazilian model and television host
• 1978 - Jolina Magdangal, Filipina singer, actress and television host
• 1978 - Taryn Manning, American actress
• 1978 - Zak Morioka, Brazilian racing driver
• 1979 - Lamar Odom, American basketball player
• 1981 - Cassie Bernall, American murder victim (d. 1999)
• 1981 - Lee Dong Wook, South Korean actor
• 1982 - Sowelu, Japanese pop singer
• 1983 - Janette McBride, Filipino actress
• 1987 - Ana Ivanovi?, Serbian tennis player
• 1988 - Erik Lund, Swedish football player
• 1988 - Emma Stone, American actress
• 1989 - Jozy Altidore, American soccer player

Deaths

• 1231 - Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (b. 1196)
• 1406 - Pope Innocent VII
• 1492 - Antoine Busnois, French composer
• 1550 - Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1487)
• 1632 - King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (b. 1594)
• 1656 - King John IV of Portugal (b. 1603)
• 1656 - Jean-Baptiste Morin, French scientist (b. 1583)
• 1692 - Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French writer (b. 1619)
• 1752 - Ralph Erskine, Scottish minister (b. 1685)
• 1771 - John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (b. 1695)
• 1790 - James Bowdoin, American Revolutionary leader and politician (b. 1726)
• 1796 - Catherine II of Russia (b. 1729)
• 1816 - Gouverneur Morris, American lawmaker and diplomat (b. 1752)
• 1822 - Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (b. 1748)
• 1836 - King Charles X of France (b. 1757)
• 1846 - Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and activist (b. 1800)
• 1846 - Alexander Chavchavadze, Georgian poet and general
• 1893 - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer (b. 1840)
• 1910 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (b. 1838)
• 1925 - Kh?i ??nh, Emperor of Vietnam
• 1929 - Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1867)
• 1936 - Henry Bourne Joy, American automobile executive (b. 1864)
• 1941 - Maurice Leblanc, French novelist (b. 1864)
• 1960 - Erich Raeder, German grand admiral (b. 1876)
• 1964 - Hans von Euler-Chelpin, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1863)
• 1964 - Hugo Koblet, Swiss cyclist (b. 1925)
• 1965 - Edgard Varčse, French composer (b. 1883)
• 1965 - Clarence Williams, American musician (b. 1898)
• 1968 - Charles Munch, French conductor and violinist (b. 1891)
• 1968 - Charles B. McVay III, Ex-U.S. Navy Captain (b. 1898)
• 1970 - Agustín Lara, Mexican composer and poet (b. 1900)
• 1978 - Harry Bertoia, Italian artist and designer (b. 1915)
• 1978 - Heiri Suter, Swiss cyclist (b. 1899)
• 1984 - Gastón Suárez, Bolivian novelist and dramatist (b. 1929)
• 1985 - Joel Crothers, Soap Opera Actor (b. 1941)
• 1986 - Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (b. 1911)
• 1987 - Zohar Argov, Israeli singer (b. 1955)
• 1989 - Yusaku Matsuda, Japanese actor (b. 1949)
• 1989 - Dickie Goodman, creator of "break-in" records (b. 1934)
• 1991 - Gene Tierney, American actress (b. 1920)
• 1995 - Aneta Corsaut, American actress (b. 1933)
• 1998 - Marcel Gauthier, Canadian wrestler (b. 1928)
• 2000 - David R. Brower, American environmentalist (b. 1912)
• 2000 - L. Sprague de Camp, American writer (b. 1907)
• 2001 - Anthony Shaffer, English dramatist (b. 1926)
• 2002 - Sid Sackson, American board game designer (b. 1920)
• 2003 - Crash Holly, American professional wrestler (b. 1971)
• 2003 - Rie Mastenbroek, Dutch swimmer (b. 1919)
• 2003 - Eduardo Palomo, Mexican actor (b. 1962)
• 2004 - Fred Dibnah, English television personality (b. 1938)
• 2004 - Johnny Warren, Australian soccer player (b. 1943)
• 2005 - Minako Honda, Japanese singer and musical actress (b. 1967)
• 2005 - Rod Donald, New Zealand Politician, Green Party Co-leader (b. 1957)
• 2005 - Miguel Aceves Mejía, Mexican actor, composer and singer (b. 1915)
• 2006 - Federico (Fico) López, Puerto Rican basketball player (b. 1962)
• 2006 - Francisco Fernández Ochoa, Spanish alpine skier (b. 1950)
• 2007 - Enzo Biagi, Italian journalist (b. 1920)
• 2007 - Hilda Braid, English actress (b. 1929)
• 2007 - George Grljusich, Australian sports broadcaster (b. c1939)
• 2007 - Sayed Mustafa Kazemi, Afghan politician (b. c1962)
• 2007 - George Osmond, Osmond family patriarch (b. 1917)
• 2007 - Hank Thompson, American singer (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• Catholic Saints - November 6 is the feast day of the following Catholic Saints:
  • St. Leonard of Noblac
  • St. Winnoc
• Dominican Republic - Constitution Day (1844)
• Finland - The Finnish Swedish Heritage Day and an official flag day
• Sweden - Death of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and official flag day
• Tajikistan - Constitution Day (1994)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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