Events

• 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
• 845 : the first King of all Brittany, Nominoe defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon.
• 1573 - The Brazilian city of Niterói is founded.
• 1574 - Discovery of the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
• 1718 - Off the coast of North Carolina, British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") is killed in battle with a boarding party led by Lieutenant Robert Maynard.
• 1830 - Charles Grey, (2nd Earl Grey), became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Confederate General John Bell Hood invades Tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General William T. Sherman from Georgia.
• 1906 - "S-O-S" is adopted as the international distress signal.
• 1922 - Egyptology: Howard Carter, assisted by Lord Carnarvon, opens the tomb of Tutankhamun.
• 1928 - First execution of Ravel's Boléro in Paris.
• 1935 - The China Clipper took off from Alameda, California in an attempt to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean (the airplane later reached its destination, Manila, and delivered over 110,000 pieces of mail).
• 1940 - World War II: Following the Italian invasion, Greek troops advances into Albanian soil and capture Korytsa.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad - General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army was surrounded.
• 1943 - World War II: War in the Pacific - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan (see Cairo Conference)
• 1943 - Lebanon gains independence from France.
• 1963 - In Dallas, Texas, US President John F. Kennedy is killed and Texas Governor John B. Connally is seriously wounded by an assassin, identified as Lee Harvey Oswald, who was later captured and charged with the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit. That same day, US Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States.
• 1965 D.N. Aidit, head of the Communist Party of Indonesia is captured and killed by the Indonesian military in the aftermath of the G30S coup attempt.
• 1967 - UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted by the UN Security Council, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab-Israeli peace settlement.
• 1972 - Vietnam War: The United States loses its first B-52 Stratofortress of the war.
• 1973 - The Italian Fascist organization Ordine Nuovo is disbanded.
• 1974 - The United Nations General Assembly grants the Palestine Liberation Organization observer status.
• 1975 - Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of Francisco Franco.
• 1977 - British Airways inaugurates a regular London to New York City supersonic Concorde service.
• 1977 - First three nodes of the ARPAnet are connected, in what would eventually become the Internet.
• 1986 - Mike Tyson defeats Trevor Brubick to become youngest Heavyweight champion in boxing history.
• 1987 - Two Chicago television stations are hijacked by an unknown pirate dressed as Max Headroom.
• 1988 - In Palmdale, California, the first prototype B-2 Spirit stealth bomber is revealed.
• 1989 - In West Beirut, a bomb explodes near the motorcade of Lebanese President Rene Moawad, killing him.
• 1995 - Toy Story is released as the first feature-length film created completely using computer-generated imagery.
• 2002 - In Nigeria, more than 100 people are killed at an attack aimed at the contestants of the Miss World contest.
• 2003 - In Tbilisi, Georgia, opponents of President Eduard Shevardnadze seize the parliament building and demand the president's resignation.
• 2004 - The Orange Revolution begins in Ukraine, resulting from the presidential elections.
• 2005 - Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.

Births

• 1458 - Jacob Obrecht, Dutch composer (d. 1505)
• 1515 - Marie of Guise, Queen consort of James V of Scotland and regent of Scotland (d. 1560)
• 1564 - Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English conspirator (d. 1610)
• 1602 - Elisabeth of Bourbon, Queen of Philip IV of Spain (d. 1644)
• 1635 - Francis Willughby, English biologist (d. 1672)
• 1643 - Robert Cavelier de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687)
• 1698 - Pierre de Rigaud, Canadian-born French Governor (d. 1778)
• 1710 - Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (d. 1784)
• 1721 - Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres, Swiss-born Canadian statesman (d. 1824)
• 1722 - Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ukrainian poet (d. 1794)
• 1767 - Andreas Hofer, Tyrolian patriot (d. 1810)
• 1780 - Jose Cecilio del Valle, Honduran Politician (d. 1834)
• 1787 - Rasmus Christian Rask, Danish linguist (d. 1823)
• 1808 - Thomas Cook, British travel entrepreneur (d. 1892)
• 1814 - Serranus Clinton Hastings, American politician (d. 1893)
• 1819 - George Eliot, British novelist (d. 1880)
• 1849 - Christian Rohlfs, German artist (d. 1938)
• 1852 - Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French diplomat, Nobel laureate (d. 1924)
• 1856 - Heber J. Grant, American religious leader (d. 1945)
• 1868 - John Nance Garner, U.S. Vice President (d. 1967)
• 1869 - André Gide, French writer and Nobel laureate (d. 1951)
• 1877 - Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (d. 1919)
• 1877 - Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman and founder of FC Barcelona (d. 1930)
• 1884 - Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Pakistani biographer of Muhammad (d. 1953)
• 1890 - Charles de Gaulle, President of France (d. 1970)
• 1893 - Harley J. Earl, American automobile designer (d. 1969)
• 1897 - Paul Oswald Ahnert, German astronomer (d. 1989)
• 1898 - Wiley Post, American pilot (d. 1935)
• 1899 - Hoagy Carmichael, American composer (d. 1981)
• 1900 - Tom Macdonald, Welsh journalist and novelist (d. 1980)
• 1901 - Joaquin Rodrigo, Spanish composer (d. 1999)
• 1902 - Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (d. 1947)
• 1902 - Sir Humphrey Gibbs, Rhodesian politician (d. 1990)
• 1902 - Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1990)
• 1904 - Louis Eugčne Félix Néel, French physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2000)
• 1909 - Mikhail Mil, Russian aviation designer (d. 1970)
• 1913 - Benjamin Britten, British composer (d. 1976)
• 1913 - Cecilia Muńoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
• 1914 - Peter Townsend, British Equerry and air pilot (d. 1995)
• 1917 - Andrew Fielding Huxley, British scientist, Nobel laureate
• 1918 - Claiborne Pell, American politician
• 1919 - Máire Drumm, Irish civil rights activist (d. 1976)
• 1920 - Anne Crawford, British film actor (d. 1956)
• 1921 - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (d. 2004)
• 1921 - Brian Cleeve, Irish broadcaster (d. 2003)
• 1923 - Dika Newlin, American composer and singer (d. 2006)
• 1923 - Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
• 1924 - Geraldine Page, American actress (d. 1987)
• 1925 - Gunther Schuller, American composer and conductor
• 1926 - Lew Burdette, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1926 - Arthur Jones (inventor), American inventor (d. 2007)
• 1928 - Timothy Beaumont, Baron Beaumont of Whitley (d. 2008)
• 1929 - Aleksandar Popovi?, Serbian dramatist (d. 1996)
• 1932 - Robert Vaughn, American actor
• 1932 - Keith Wickenden, British politician (d. 1983)
• 1936 - Joachim Bißmeier, German actor
• 1938 - Henry C. Lee, Chinese-born American criminologist
• 1939 - Tom West, American astrophysicist
• 1939 - Mulayam Singh Yadav, Indian politician
• 1940 - Terry Gilliam, American-born British comedian
• 1940 - Roy Thomas, American comic book writer
• 1941 - Tom Conti, British actor
• 1941 - Jacques Laperričre, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1941 - Jesse Colin Young, American musician
• 1941 - Terry Stafford, American singer and songwriter (d. 1996)
• 1942 - Guion Bluford, American astronaut
• 1943 - Billie Jean King, American tennis
• 1943 - Yvan Cournoyer, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1945 - Tom Freston, American television executive
• 1946 - Aston Barrett, Jamaican musician (The Wailers Band)
• 1947 - Valerie Wilson Wesley, American author
• 1947 - Sandy Alderson, American baseball executive
• 1947 - Paloma San Basilio, Spanish singer
• 1948 - Radomir Anti?, Serbian football manager
• 1949 - Richard Carmona, Surgeon General of the United States
• 1949 - David Pietrusza, American baseball historian
• 1950 - Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (d. 1978)
• 1950 - Steven Van Zandt, American musician
• 1950 - Tina Weymouth, American musician (Talking Heads, Tom Tom Club)
• 1951 - Kent Nagano, American conductor
• 1953 - Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (d. 1994)
• 1953 - Billy M. Sprague, American rocket scientist
• 1956 - Lawrence Gowan, Canadian singer (Styx)
• 1956 - Richard Kind, American actor
• 1958 - Jamie Lee Curtis, American actress
• 1958 - Lee Guetterman, American baseball player
• 1958 - Horse McDonald, Scottish singer and songwriter
• 1959 - Frank McAvennie, Scottish footballer
• 1959 - Fabio Parra, Colombian cyclist
• 1960 - Bruce Payne, English actor
• 1960 - Léos Carax, French film director
• 1961 - Mariel Hemingway, American actress
• 1961 - Randal L. Schwartz, American computer programmer
• 1961 - Stephen Hough, British concert pianist
• 1962 - Victor Pelevin, Russian writer
• 1963 - Scoop Jackson, American sports journalist
• 1964 - Robbie Slater, Australian former footballer
• 1965 - Mads Mikkelsen, Danish actor
• 1965 - Peter Safran, British-born American film producer and talent agent
• 1966 - Richard Stanley, South African film director
• 1967 - Mark Ruffalo, American actor
• 1967 - Boris Becker, German tennis player
• 1967 - Bart Veldkamp, Dutch-born Belgian speed skater
• 1968 - Rasmus Lerdorf, Greenlandic computer programmer
• 1969 - Marjane Satrapi, Iranian graphic novelist
• 1970 - Marvan Atapattu, Sri Lankan cricketeer
• 1970 - Stel Pavlou, British novelist
• 1972 - Jay Payton, American baseball player
• 1974 - Joe Nathan, American baseball player
• 1974 - David Pelletier, Canadian figure skater
• 1975 - Aiko, Japanese singer
• 1976 - Adrian Bakalli, Belgian footballer
• 1976 - Torsten Frings, German footballer
• 1976 - Regina Halmich, German female boxer
• 1976 - Ville Valo, Finnish singer (HIM)
• 1977 - Michael Preston, English footballer
• 1978 - Karen O, American singer (Yeah Yeah Yeahs)
• 1979 - Chris Doran, Irish singer
• 1980 - Shawn Fanning, American Internet entrepreneur (Napster)
• 1980 - Yaroslav Rybakov, Russian athlete
• 1981 - Seweryn Gancarczyk, Polish footballer
• 1981 - Pape Sow, Senegalese basketball player
• 1981 - Ben Adams, English singer
• 1982 - Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Nigerian footballer
• 1982 - Charlene Choi Cheuk Yin, Hong Kong singer (Twins)
• 1982 - Alasdair Duncan, Australian novelist
• 1983 - Corey Beaulieu, American guitarist (Trivium)
• 1983 - Tyler Hilton, American singer and actor
• 1983 - Peter Ramage, English footballer
• 1984 - Scarlett Johansson, American actress
• 1984 - Kate Ground, Canadian adult internet model
• 1985 - Asamoah Gyan, Ghanaian footballer
• 1986 - Oscar Pistorius, South African paralympic athlete
• 1987 - Marouane Fellaini, Belgian footballer
• 1988 - Suresh Guptara and Jyoti Guptara, British-Indian novelists

Deaths

• 950 - King Lothair II of Italy
• 1286 - Eric V of Denmark, Danish King (b. 1249)
• 1318 - Mikhail Yaroslavich, Russian prince (b. 1271)
• 1594 - Martin Frobisher, English explorer
• 1617 - Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1590)
• 1694 - John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1630)
• 1697 - Libéral Bruant, French architect (b. 1635)
• 1710 - Bernardo Pasquini, Italian composer (b. 1637)
• 1718 - Blackbeard (Edward Teach), British pirate (b. 1680)
• 1758 - Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, British politician (b. 1680)
• 1774 - Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British general (b. 1725)
• 1783 - John Hanson, American Continental Congressman (b. 1715)
• 1794 - John Alsop, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
• 1875 - Henry Wilson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1812)
• 1886 - William Bliss Baker, American painter (b. 1859)
• 1893 - James Calder, 5th President of the Pennsylvania State University (b. 1826)
• 1900 - Arthur S. Sullivan, British composer (b. 1842)
• 1916 - Jack London, American writer (b. 1876)
• 1917 - Teoberto Maler, German-born explorer (b. 1842)
• 1919 - Francisco Moreno, Argentine explorer (b. 1852)
• 1920 - Manuel Pérez y Curis, Uruguayan poet (b. 1884)
• 1926 - Darvish Khan, Iranian musician (b. 1872)
• 1932 - William Walker Atkinson, American author (b. 1862)
• 1941 - Werner Mölders, German ace fighter pilot (b. 1915)
• 1943 - Lorenz Hart, American lyricist (b. 1895)
• 1944 - Arthur Stanley Eddington, English astrophysicist (b. 1882)
• 1946 - Otto Georg Thierack, German jurist (b. 1889)
• 1953 - Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Pakistani religious scholar and biographer of Muhammad (b. 1884)
• 1954 - Roderick McMahon, Professional Wrestling/Boxing Booker (b. 1882)
• 1955 - Shemp Howard, American actor (b. 1895)
• 1956 - Theodore Kosloff, Russian-born choreographer (b. 1882)
• 1963 - Aldous Huxley, English author (b. 1894)
• 1963 - John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (b. 1917)
• 1963 - C. S. Lewis, Irish author (b. 1898)
• 1963 - Wilhelm Beiglböck, Nazi physician (b. 1905)
• 1963 - J. D. Tippit, Dallas Police Officer (b. 1924)
• 1967 - Pavel Korin, Russian painter (b. 1892)
• 1980 - Norah McGuinness, Northern Irish painter (b. 1901)
• 1980 - Mae West, American actress and writer (b. 1893)
• 1980 - Jules Léger, Governor General of Canada (b. 1913)
• 1981 - Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1900)
• 1986 - Scatman Crothers, American actor (b. 1910)
• 1986 - William Bradford Huie, American writer (b. 1910)
• 1988 - Luis Barragán, Mexican architect (b. 1908)
• 1988 - Paul Vario, U.S. Italian Mafia of the Lucchese Family (b. 1914)
• 1989 - Rene Moawad, President of Lebanon (b. 1925)
• 1989 - C. C. Beck, American cartoonist (b. 1910)
• 1992 - Sterling Holloway, American voice actor (b. 1905)
• 1993 - Anthony Burgess, British author (b. 1917)
• 1996 - Mark Lenard, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1996 - María Casares, Spanish-born French actress (b. 1922)
• 1997 - Michael Hutchence, Australian singer (INXS) (b. 1960)
• 1998 - Stu Unger, American poker player (b. 1953)
• 2000 - Christian Marquand, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2000 - Emil Zátopek, Czech athlete (b. 1922)
• 2001 - Mary Kay Ash, American businesswoman, founded Mary Kay Cosmetics (b. 1915)
• 2001 - Norman Granz, American jazz impresario and producer (b. 1918)
• 2005 - Bruce Hobbs, American jockey (b. 1920)
• 2006 - Pat Dobson, American baseball player (b. 1942)
• 2007 - Maurice Béjart, Father of the Ballet Renewal(b. 1929)
• 2007 - Verity Lambert, first producer of British SF series Doctor Who (b. 1935)

Holidays and observances

• R.C. Saints - Feast of Saint Cecilia
• Lebanon - Independence Day (from France, 1943)
• Astrology: usually the first day of sun sign Sagittarius or the last day of Scorpio

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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