The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic () was a country on the northern half of Vietnam. It was proclaimed by H? Chí Minh in Hà N?i on September 2, 1945 with a declaration of independence, following the August Revolution, as a communist provisional government. It gathered Tonkin and Annam, provinces of the French Indochina. North Vietnam won the Second Indochina War, which is referred to outside the region as the "Vietnam Conflict", the "war in Viet Nam" , or more simply, "Vietnam". The government of North Vietnam took over South Vietnam and it became the larger Vietnam that exists today with the same political system and organization.

Partition of Indochina

Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954 at the end of the First Indochina War, thousands of Vietnamese migrated to either the North and to the South. For example, an estimated 800,000 Catholics moved south. ^[1] The Catholic migration is attributed to perceived persecution of Catholics by the North Vietnamese government, as well as scare campaigns employed by the Saigon government of the Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem. ^[2] Concurrently, an estimated 130,000 people from South Vi?tnam who supported the Viet Minh headed for the North with the aid of Polish and Soviet ships.^[3]

Between 1953 and 1956, the DRVN government instituted various agrarian reforms, including land redistribution. Large landowners were publicly denounced as landlords (??a ch?), and their land distributed to poor and middle peasants.

A literary movement called Nhân v?n-Giai ph?m (from the names of the two magazines which started the movement) attempted to encourage the democratization of the country and the free expression of thought.

International relations

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) capital was Hà N?i and its government was led by the left-nationalist Vietnam Workers' Party, which had been formed in opposition to foreign (French and Japanese) involvement in the territory of Vietnam.

In December 1960, the Vietnam Workers' Party co-initiated and began working within the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (referred to by the South as the Vi?t C?ng) which was organized to support reunification and oppose the government of South Vietnam. After August 1964, this was expanded to armed opposition to the military presence and operations of the United States in the southern areas of Vietnam.^[4] From at least 1965 onwards, both China and the Soviet Union provided aid to North Vietnam in support of its military activities; known in the West as the Vietnam War and in Vietnam as the American War.

In June 1969, in the South, the NLF formed a Provisional Revolutionary Government in order to present an organized alternative government to the international community.^[5]

In addition to the NLF, other nationalist insurgencies also operated within neighboring Laos and Cambodia, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of Indochina.

The Fall of Saigon

Indochina 1886.

References

See also

• August Revolution
• Vietnam
• Flag of North Vietnam
• South Vietnam
• Indochina Wars
• H? Chí Minh
• Socialist State
• People's Army of Vietnam
• Northern and southern Vietnam

External links

• Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

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