Newsreel

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Newsreel

A newsreel is a documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed news stories.

Created by Pathé Frčres of France in 1908, this form of film was a staple of the typical North American, British, and Commonwealth countries (especially Canada, Australia and New Zealand), and throughout European cinema programming schedule from the silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role.

The first official British news cinema that only showed newsreels was the Daily Bioscope that opened in London on 23 May 1909.^[1] In 1929 William Fox purchased a former Broadway theatre called the Embassy. He changed the format from a $2 show twice a day to a continuous 25 cent programme establishing the first newsreel theatre in the USA. The idea was such a success that Fox and his backers announced they would start a chain of newsreel theatres across the USA.^[2] The newsreels were often accompanied by cartoons or short subjects.

In some countries, newsreels generally used music as a background for usually silent on-site film footage. In some countries, the narrator used humorous remarks for light-hearted or non-tragic stories.

An example of a newsreel story is in the film Citizen Kane (which was prepared by RKO's actual newsreel staff), which includes a fictional newsreel that summarizes the life of the title character, Charles Foster Kane.

In 1948 NBC launched a 10 minute television programme called Camel Newsreel Theatre that featured newsreels. Later the show produced their own news film. Newsreel cinemas either closed or went to showing continuous programmes of cartoons and short subjects, such as the London Victoria Station News Cinema, later Cartoon Cinema that opened in 1933 and closed in 1981.

Newsreels by country

Algeria

Actualités Algériennes

Australia

Canada

Associated Screen News
Canada Carries On and World In Action were World War II related newsreels produced by the National Film Board of Canada
Canadian Army Newsreel produced by the Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit, for internal consumption only.

Czechoslovakia

?eskoslovenský filmový týdeník

Germany

From 1925 to 1930

UFA Wochenschau

From 1930 to 1933

UFA-Tonwoche
Deulig-Tonwoche
Fox Tönende Wochenschau
Emelka-Tonwoche
Tobis Wochenschau

Nazi Germany

UFA-Tonwoche (Until 1940)
Die Deutsche Wochenschau – (The German Weekly Newsreel) A reel is housed in the Motion Picture Collection of the Harry S. Truman Library, (MP85-1), and includes historic footage of the Allied landings and combat at Normandy France, July 1944, from the German perspective. The reel was captured by US troops. It is a 16 mm, sound, black and white reel that lasts 16 minutes and 49 seconds.