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Mitochondrial shuttle

The mitochondrial shuttles are systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule which can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain.

The two main systems in humans are:

Name In, to mitochondrion To ETC Out, to cytosol 
|- 
| Glycerol phosphate shuttle
glycerol 3-phosphate QH2 (~2 ATP) dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
|- 
| Malate-aspartate shuttle
malate NADH (~3 ATP) oxaloacetate/aspartate




Source: Wikipedia | The above article is available under the GNU FDL. | Edit this article



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