The Martyrology in Judaism is the story of the deaths (martyrdom) of several famous Rabbis (including Rabbi Akiva) by Romans, read both on Yom Kippur and Tisha b'Av. The deaths were very gruesome, including being wrapped in Torah scrolls and then being set aflame. See Ten Martyrs and Midrash Eleh Ezkerah.

Although the ten martyrdoms are presented as a comprehensive Roman plan to destroy the spiritual leadership of the Jews, the rabbis mentioned lived over a period of several hundred years.