Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with over fifty distinct groups (54 are recognized by the Vietnamese government), each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Many of the local ethnic groups are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar. The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, M??ng 1.5%, Khmer Krom (Kh? Me Cr?m) 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nùng 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census). The Vietnamese word for ethnic group is ng??i (literally "people").

Alphabetical list

1. Kinh (also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam)
2. Ba Na (Bahnar)
3. B? Y (Buyei)
4. Brâu
5. Bru-Vân Ki?u
6. Ch?m - Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
7. Ch? Ro
8. Chu Ru (Chru)
9. Ch?t - related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
10. Co
11. C? Ho
12. C? Lao (Gelao)
13. C? Tu
14. C?ng (Cong)
15. Dao - Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien language, distant relatives of Hmong
16. Ê ?ê (Rhade)
17. Gia Rai (Jarai, J'rai)
18. Giáy
19. Gi? Triêng
20. Hà Nhì (Hani)
21. H'Mông (Hmong, H?-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China
22. Hoa (Chinese)
23. Hrê (H're)
24. Kháng
25. Khmer Krom (Khmer, Kh? Me Cr?m)
26. Kh? Mú (Khmu)
27. La Chí
28. La Ha
29. La H?
30. Lao - People from Laos
31. Lô Lô (Lo Lo, Yi)
32. L?
33. M?
34. M?ng
35. M'Nông
36. M??ng - Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, the other main part of the Viet-Muong branch of the Vietic sub-family
37. Ngái (Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
38. Nùng
39. ? ?u
40. Pà Th?n
41. Phù Lá
42. Pu Péo
43. Ra Glai (Raglai)
44. R? M?m
45. Sán Chay (San Chay, Cao Lan)
46. Sán Dìu (San Diu, Chinese, separately classified from Hoa)
47. Si La
48. Tà Ôi (Ta Oi)
49. Tày (Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam
50. Thái (Thai)
51. Th? (Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
52. Xinh Mun (Xinh-mun)
53. X? ??ng (Sedang, Xo Dang)
54. Xtiêng (Stieng)

Listed by language group

1. Mon-Khmer - Kinh (Viet), Ba Na (Bahnar), Brâu, Bru-Vân Ki?u, Ch? Ro, Ch?t, Co, C? Ho, C? Tu, Gi? Triêng, Hrê (H're), Kháng, Khmer Krom (Khmer, Kh? Me Cr?m), Kh? Mú (Khmu), M?, M?ng, M'Nông, M??ng, ? ?u, R? M?m, Tà Ôi (Ta Oi), Th? (Tho), Xinh Mun (Xinh-mun), X? ??ng (Sedang, Xo Dang), and Xtiêng (Stieng).
2. Tay-Thai - B? Y (Buyei), Giáy, Lao, L?, Nùng, Sán Chay (San Chay, Cao Lan), Tày (Tay), and Thái (Thai)
3. Tibeto-Burman - C?ng (Cong), Hà Nhì (Hani), La H?, Lô Lô (Lo Lo, Yi), Phù Lá, and Si La
4. Malayo-Polynesian - Ch?m, Chu Ru (Chru), Ê ?ê (Rhade), Gia Rai (Jarai, J'rai), and Ra Glai (Raglai)
5. Kadai - C? Lao (Gelao), La Chí, La Ha, and Pu Péo
6. Mong-Dao - Dao (Yao), H'Mông (Hmong, H?-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo), and Pà Th?n
7. Han - Hoa (Chinese), Ngái, and Sán Dìu (San Diu)

Listed by population (as of the 1999 census)

1. Kinh (also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam) 86.2%
2. Tày (Tay) - The largest minority in Vietnam 1.9%
3. Thái (Thai) 1.7%
4. M??ng - Closest to Kinh Vietnamese, other half of Viet-Muong language family 1.5%
5. Khmer Krom (Khmer, Kh? Me Cr?m) 1.4%
6. Hoa (Chinese) 1.1%
7. Nùng 1.1%
8. H'Mông (Hmong, H?-mông, Mong; formerly known as Mèo) - Also known as Miao in China 1%
9. Dao - Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak Iu Mien language, distant relatives of Hmong
10. Gia Rai (Jarai, J'rai)
11. Ê ?ê (Rhade)
12. Ba Na (Bahnar)
13. Sán Chay (San Chay, Cao Lan)
14. Ch?m - Descendants of the Champa kingdom in southern Vietnam
15. X? ??ng (Sedang, Xo Dang)
16. Sán Dìu (San Diu)
17. Hrê (H're)
18. C? Ho
19. Ra Glai (Raglai)
20. M'Nông
21. Th? (Tho) - Related to Kinh Vietnamese
22. Xtiêng (Stieng)
23. Kh? Mú (Khmu)
24. Bru-Vân Ki?u
25. Giáy
26. C? Tu
27. Gi? Triêng
28. Tà Ôi (Ta Oi)
29. M?
30. Co
31. Ch? Ro
32. Hà Nhì (Hani)
33. Xinh Mun (Xinh-mun)
34. Chu Ru (Chru)
35. Lao - People from Laos
36. La Chí
37. Phù Lá
38. La H?
39. Kháng
40. L?
41. Pà Th?n
42. Lô Lô (Lo Lo, Yi)
43. Ch?t - related to Vietnamese, only 2000-4000 people
44. M?ng
45. C? Lao (Gelao)
46. B? Y (Buyei)
47. La Ha
48. C?ng (Cong)
49. Ngái
50. Si La
51. Pu Péo
52. Brâu
53. R? M?m
54. ? ?u

Ethnic groups not included in official list

1. Ngu?n - possibly M??ng group, officially classified as a Vi?t (Kinh) group by the government, Ngu?n themselves identify with Vi?t ethnicity; their language is a member of the Viet-Muong branch of the Vietic sub-family
2. People of European, North American, Australian, and Asian (non-Vietnamese) origin. Many people of these origins are temporary residents in Vietnam as expatriate workers and some are permanently settled there, some through marriage.

Sources

• 1999 Census results
• Socioeconomic Atlas of Vietnam

External links

• Vietnamese Ethnic Groups
• 
• Vietnamese ethnic groups by population
• Ethnologue report for Vietnam

See also

• Demographics of Vietnam
• Vietnam

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