List of ecoregions (WWF)
This is a list of ecoregions as compiled by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The WWF identifies terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecoregions.
The terrestrial scheme divides the Earth's land surface into 8 terrestrial ecozones, containing 867 smaller ecoregions. Each ecoregion is classified into one of 14 major habitat types, or biomes.
Freshwater ecoregions and marine ecoregions are also classified by geographic region and by habitat type.
The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme for marine ecoregions groups the individual ecoregions into 12 marine realms, which represent the broad latitudinal divisions of polar, temperate, and tropical seas, with subdivisions based on ocean basins. The marine realms are subdivided into 62 marine provinces, which include one or more of the 232 marine ecoregions. The WWF/Nature Conservancy scheme currently encompasses only coastal and continental shelf areas; ecoregions of the deep oceans have not yet been delineated.
Many consider this classification to be quite decisive, and some propose these as stable borders for bioregional democracy initiatives.
The WWF has also designated the Global 200, a list of priority ecoregions for conservation. Many of the Global 200's terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecoregions are composites of two or more individual ecoregions. For the list of Global 200 ecoregions, see Global 200.
Terrestrial
- Albertine Rift montane forests (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)
- Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon)
- Cameroonian Highlands forests (Cameroon, Nigeria)
- Central Congolian lowland forests (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Comoros forests (Comoros)
- Cross-Niger transition forests (Nigeria)
- Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria)
- East African montane forests (Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania)
- Eastern Arc forests (Kenya, Tanzania)
- Eastern Congolian swamp forests (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Eastern Guinean forests (Benin, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo)
- Ethiopian montane forests (Ethiopia)
- Granitic Seychelles forests (Seychelles)
- Guinean montane forests (Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
- Knysna-Amatole montane forests (South Africa)
- KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic (South Africa)
- Madagascar lowland forests (Madagascar)
- Madagascar subhumid forests (Madagascar)
- Maputaland coastal forest mosaic (Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa)
- Mascarene forests (Mauritius, Réunion)
- Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea)
- Niger Delta swamp forests (Nigeria)
- Nigerian lowland forests (Benin, Nigeria)
- Northeastern Congolian lowland forests (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo)
- Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic (Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania)
- Northwestern Congolian lowland forests (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo)
- São Tomé and Príncipe moist lowland forests (São Tomé and Príncipe)
- Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic (Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania)
- Western Congolian swamp forests (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo)
- Western Guinean lowland forests (Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
- Angolan Miombo woodlands (Angola)
- Angolan Mopane woodlands (Angola, Namibia)
- Ascension scrub and grasslands (Ascension Island)
- Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands (Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia)
- East Sudanian savanna (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda)
- Eastern Miombo woodlands (Mozambique, Tanzania)
- Guinean forest-savanna mosaic (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo)
- Itigi-Sumbu thicket (Tanzania, Zambia)
- Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
- Mandara Plateau mosaic (Cameroon, Nigeria)
- Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets (Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda)
- Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda)
- Sahelian Acacia savanna (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan)
- Serengeti volcanic grasslands (Tanzania)
- Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan)
- Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets (Kenya, Tanzania)
- Southern Africa bushveld (Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
- Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Southern Miombo woodlands (Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
- Saint Helena scrub and woodlands (Saint Helena)
- Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)
- West Sudanian savanna (Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal)
- Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo)
- Western Zambezian grasslands (Angola, Zambia)
- Zambezian and Mopane woodlands (Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
- Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands (Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
- Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic (Angola)
- Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands (Angola)
- Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands (Lesotho, South Africa)
- Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests (Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland)
- East African montane moorlands (Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda)
- Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic (Mozambique, Zimbabwe)
- Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands (Ethiopia)
- Ethiopian montane moorlands (Ethiopia)
- Highveld grasslands (Lesotho, South Africa)
- Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic (Nigeria)
- Madagascar ericoid thickets (Madagascar)
- Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets (Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland)
- Ruwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda)
- South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic (Malawi, Mozambique)
- Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic (Malawi, Tanzania)
- Aldabra Island xeric scrub (Seychelles)
- Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert (Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen)
- East Saharan montane xeric woodlands (Chad, Sudan)
- Eritrean coastal desert (Djibouti, Eritrea)
- Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands (Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan)
- Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert (Oman, United Arab Emirates)
- Hobyo grasslands and shrublands (Somalia)
- Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub (Bassas da India, Europa)
- Kalahari xeric savanna Botswana, Namibia, South Africa)
- Kaokoveld desert (Angola, Namibia)
- Madagascar spiny thickets (Madagascar)
- Madagascar succulent woodlands (Madagascar)
- Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands (Ethiopia, Kenya)
- Nama Karoo (Namibia, South Africa)
- Namib desert (Namibia)
- Namibian savanna woodlands (Namibia)
- Red Sea coastal desert (Egypt, Sudan)
- Socotra Island xeric shrublands (Yemen)
- Somali montane xeric woodlands (Somalia)
- Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna (Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen)
- Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands (Saudi Arabia, Yemen)
- Succulent Karoo (South Africa)
- Central African mangroves (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria)
- East African mangroves (Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania)
- Guinean mangroves (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire)
- Madagascar mangroves (Madagascar)
- Southern Africa mangroves (Mozambique, South Africa)
- Andaman Islands rain forests (India)
- Borneo lowland rain forests (Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Borneo montane rain forests (Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Borneo peat swamp forests (Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests (India)
- Cardamom Mountains rain forests (Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests (Thailand)
- Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests (Thailand)
- Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests (India, Myanmar)
- Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests (Australia)
- Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests (India)
- Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests (Indonesia)
- Eastern Java-Bali rain forests (Indonesia)
- Greater Negros-Panay rain forests (Philippines)
- Hainan Island monsoon rain forests (China)
- Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests (Bhutan, India,Pakistan , Nepal)
- Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests (Myanmar)
- Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests (Myanmar)
- Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests (China)
- Kayah-Karen montane rain forests (Myanmar, Thailand)
- Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests (Bangladesh, India)
- Luang Prabang montane rain forests (Laos)
- Luzon montane rain forests (Philippines)
- Luzon rain forests (Philippines)
- Malabar Coast moist forests (India)
- Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests (British Indian Ocean Territory, India, Maldives)
- Meghalaya subtropical forests (India)
- Mentawai Islands rain forests (Indonesia)
- Mindanao montane rain forests (Philippines)
- Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests (Philippines)
- Mindoro rain forests (Philippines)
- Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar)
- Myanmar coastal rain forests (Myanmar)
- Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests (Japan)
- Nicobar Islands rain forests (India)
- North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests (India)
- North Western Ghats montane rain forests (India)
- Northern Annamites rain forests (Laos, Vietnam)
- Northern Indochina subtropical forests (China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
- Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests (Laos, Thailand)
- Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests (Laos, Thailand)
- Northern Triangle subtropical forests (Myanmar)
- Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests (Vietnam)
- Orissa semi-evergreen forests (India)
- Palawan rain forests (Philippines)
- Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests (Malaysia, Thailand)
- Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests (Malaysia, Thailand)
- Peninsular Malaysian rain forests (Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Red River freshwater swamp forests (Vietnam)
- South China Sea Islands (disputed between China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam)
- South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests (China, Vietnam)
- South Taiwan monsoon rain forests (Taiwan)
- South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests (India)
- South Western Ghats montane rain forests (India)
- Southern Annamites montane rain forests (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam)
- Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests (Indonesia)
- Sri Lanka lowland rain forests (Sri Lanka)
- Sri Lanka montane rain forests (Sri Lanka)
- Sulu Archipelago rain forests (Philippines)
- Sumatran freshwater swamp forests (Indonesia)
- Sumatran lowland rain forests (Indonesia)
- Sumatran montane rain forests (Indonesia)
- Sumatran peat swamp forests (Indonesia)
- Sundaland heath forests (Indonesia)
- Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests (Bangladesh, India)
- Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests (Taiwan)
- Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests (Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)
- Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests (Cambodia, Vietnam)
- Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests (Cambodia, Vietnam)
- Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests (India)
- Western Java montane rain forests (Indonesia)
- Western Java rain forests (Indonesia)
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