Domestic church of the Patriarchs of Moscow.

The history of the Russian Orthodox Church begins with the Baptism of Rus' at Kiev in 988. In 1316 the Metropolitan of Kiev changed his see to the city of Vladimir, and in 1322 moved again to Moscow. In 1589, the see was elevated to a Patriarchate. The Patriarchate was abolished by Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Holy Governing Synod, and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called a Metropolitan again. The Patriarchate was restored in 1917.

The following is a list of The Russian Orthodox Metropolitans of Moscow and Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia along with when they served:

Metropolitans

• Maximus (1283-1305)
• St. Peter (1308-1326)
  • vacant (1326-1328)
• Theognostus (1328-1353)
• St. Alexius (1354-1378)
• Cyprian (1381-1382)
• Pimen (1382-1384)
• St. Dionysius I (1384-1385)
  • vacant (1385-1390)
  • Cyprian (1390-1406), restored
  • vacant (1406-1408)
• Photius (1408-1431)
  • vacant (1431-1437)
• Isidore of Kiev (1437-1441)
  • vacant (1441-1448)
• St. Jonah (1448-1461)
• Theodosius (1461-1464)
• Philip I (1464-1473)
• Gerontius (1473-1489)
• Zosimus (1490-1494)
• Simon (1495-1511)
• Varlaam (1511-1521)
• Daniel (1522-1539)
• Joasaphus (1539-1542)
• Macarius (1542-1563)
• Athanasius (1564-1566)
• Herman (1566)
• St. Philip II (1566-1568)
• Cyril (1568-1572)
• Anthony (1572-1581)
• Dionysius II (1581-1587)
• St. Job (1587-1589), the last metropolitan and the first patriarch of Russia.

Patriarchs, 1589-1721

• Patriarch Job (1589-1605)
• Patriarch Ignatius (1605-1606)
• Patriarch St. Hermogenus (1606-1612)
  • vacant (1612-1619)
• Patriarch Philaret (1619-1633)
• Patriarch Joasaphus I (1634-1642)
• Patriarch Joseph (1642-1652)
• Patriarch Nikon (1652-1658)
  • Pitirim of Krutitsy, locum tenens (1658-1667)
• Patriarch Joasaphus II (1667-1672)
• Patriarch Pitirim (of Krutitsy) (1672-1673)
• Patriarch Joachim (1674-1690)
• Patriarch Adrian (1690-1700)
• Stefan of Ryazan, Locum tenens (1700-1721)

Metropolitans and archbishops of Moscow

Metropolitan Filaret, pictured in his cell, 1850.

• Stefan of Ryazan (1721-1742)
• Joseph (1742-1745)
• Plato I (1745-1754)
• Hilarion of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1754-1757)
• Timothy (1757-1767)
• Ambrosius (1768-1771)
• Samouel of Krutitsy, Coadjutor (1771-1775)
• Plato II (1775-1812)
• Avgustin (1812-1819)
• Seraphim (1819-1821)
• St. Filaret (1821-1867)
• Innocent (1868-1879)
• Macarius I (1879-1882)
• Joannicius (1882-1891)
• Leontius (1891-1893)
• Sergius I (1893-1898)
• St. Vladimir (1898-1912)
• St. Macarius II (1912-1917)

Patriarchs, restored since 1917

St. Tikhon of Moscow.

• Patriarch St. Tikhon (1917-1925)
  • vacant (1925-1943)
    • Peter of Krutitsy, locum tenens (1925-1936), de facto only until 1925
    • Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod, Deputy locum tenens (1926-1936)
    • Sergius of Moscow and Kolomna, locum tenens (1936-1943)
• Patriarch Sergius I (1943-1944)
• Patriarch Alexius I (1945-1970)
• Patriarch Pimen I (1971-1990)
• Patriarch Alexius II (1990-Present)

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