List of Austrian scientists
This is a list of Austrian scientists and scientists from the Austria of Austria-Hungary.
Economists
- Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
- Friedrich Hayek, economist and social scientist, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974
- Rudolf Hilferding, marxist and politician 1877-1941 (murdered by the Gestapo in Paris)
- Leopold Kohr, economist
- Carl Menger, founder of the Austrian School of economics
- Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist
- Oskar Morgenstern, co-founder of game theory
- Joseph Schumpeter, economist (neoclassical), born in Triech, Austria-Hungary
- Othmar Spann, economist and philosopher
- Friedrich von Wieser, economist (regarded as follower of the Austrian School of economics)
Engineers/Inventors
- Carlo Abarth, motorcycle racer and car designer
- Igo Etrich, aviation pioneer and pilot 1879-1967
- Anselm Franz, pioneer in jet engine engineering
- Gaston Glock, inventor, founder of GLOCK GmbH
- Eduard Haas, inventor of PEZ
- Hedy Lamarr, (known for research in frequencies, needed for mobile phones)
- Viktor Kaplan, inventor of turbines for river power plants
- Johann Korbuly, inventor of matador (special wooden toy)
- Wilhelm Kress, aviation pioneer, inventor of the stick control for airplanes
- Josef Madersberger, invented the sewing machine in 1818
- Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer (vehicles of 1870 and 1889), lived most of his life in Austria
- Peter Mitterhofer, inventor of typewriter
- Johann August Natterer, chemist and physician (inventions in photography)
- Alois Negrelli, engineer and railroad pioneer (created the plans for the Suez Canal)
- Ferdinand Porsche, automotive engineer, designed the Volkswagen (the "people's car"), born in Austria-Hungary
- Johann Puch, engineer and entrepreneur
- Josef Ressel, inventor of the marine screw propeller
- Edmund Rumpler, engineer, aviation pioneer
- Paul Schwarzkopf, inventor of powder metallurgy
- Alois Senefelder, inventor of the printing technique of Lithography
- Max Valier, rocketry pioneer
- Auer von Welsbach, inventor of gaslight
- Claire Gmachl, quantum cascade laser and mid-IR technologies pioneer
Philosophers
- Nathan Birnbaum, philosopher (created the word Zionism)
- Franz Brentano, philosopher and psychologist
- Martin Buber, philosopher, 1878-1965, born in Vienna
- Christian von Ehrenfels, philosopher
- Herbert Feigl, philosopher (member of the Vienna Circle)
- Paul Feyerabend, philosopher (died 1994)
- Philipp Frank, philosopher and physicist (member of the Vienna Circle)
- Heinrich Gomperz, philosopher, 1873-1942, born in Vienna
- Edmund Husserl, philosopher (born in Prossnitz, Austria-Hungary)
- Victor Kraft, philosopher
- Nachman Krochmal, philosopher, historian and theologian
- Alexius Meinong, philosopher (theory of objects) 1853-1920
- Otto Neurath, socialist, economist and philosopher
- Karl Popper, philosopher (born in Austria, became British)
- Othmar Spann, philosopher and economist
- Rudolf Steiner, mystic & philosopher
- Otto Weininger, philosopher
- Friedrich Waismann, mathematician, philosopher and physicist (member of the Vienna Circle)
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher, born 1889 in Vienna
- Moritz Schlick, philosopher (member of the Vienna Circle)
Physicists, mathematicians and chemists
- Fritjof Capra, physicist
- Christian Andreas Doppler, physicist, 1803-1853, born in Salzburg (See Doppler effect)
- Paul Ehrenfest, physicist & mathematician
- Kurt Gödel, mathematician (born in Austria-Hungary, became naturalized U.S. citizen)
- Thomas Gold, astrophysicist, geophysicist, controversial for 'steady state' view of cosmos and abiogenic petroleum origin theory
- Wolfgang Gröbner, mathematician (best known for Gröbner basis)
- Hans Hahn, mathematician (member of the Vienna Circle)
- Wilhelm Karl, Ritter von Haidinger, physicist, geologist and mineralogist of the 19th century
- Friedrich Hasenöhrl, physicist
- Victor Franz Hess, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
- Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, chemist
- Anton Schrötter von Kristelli, chemist and mineralogist (red phosphor)
- Richard Kuhn, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938
- Johann Josef Loschmidt, physicist and chemist
- Ernst Mach, physicist and philosopher (Mach number)
- Lise Meitner, physicist
- Richard von Mises, physicist (younger brother of Ludwig von Mises)
- Otto E. Neugebauer, mathematician and astronomer
- Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1945
- Max Ferdinand Perutz, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962
- Josef Maximilian Petzval, physicist and mathematician
- Fritz Pregl, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923
- Johann Radon, mathematician
- Leopold Ruzicka, (born in Croatia, Austria-Hungary in 1887), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944
- Erwin Schrödinger, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics
- Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze, mathematician
- Leopold Vietoris, mathematician (1891-2002(!))
- Victor Frederick Weisskopf, physicist (worked on the Manhattan Project)
- Carl Auer von Welsbach, chemist
- Anton Zeilinger, physicist
- Gernot Zippe, physicist (developed Zippe-type centrifuge to extract Uranium-235 for nuclear weapons)
- Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925
Physicians
- Alfred Adler, psychiatrist, father of Individual Psychology
- Hans Asperger, pediatrician (most known for work on autism; see Asperger's syndrome)
- Leopold Auenbrugger, physician 1722-1809 (method of percussion)
- Robert Bárány, physician, 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Georg Joseph Beer, physician (forerunner in ophthalmology)
- Lorenz Böhler, physician
- Josef Breuer, psychiatrist (forerunner in psychoanalysis)
- Carl Cori, born in Prague, Austria-Hungary, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947
- Karl Fellinger, physician
- Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, physician and physiologist (studies of nerves and the brain)
- Ernst, Baron von Feuchtersleben, physician and poet
- Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist, father of logotherapy
- Sigmund Freud, psychiatrist, father of psychoanalysis
- Karl von Frisch, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Otto Gross, phyician and revolutionist
- Josef Hyrtl, anatomist
- Nicolaus Joseph Jacquin, physician and botanist
- Leo Kanner, child psychiatrist
- Fritz Köberle, physician (emigrated to Brazil)
- Karl Landsteiner, physician, serologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1886-1943
- Franz Xaver Mayr, physician
- Franz Mesmer, physician, developed an early form of hypnotism 1734-1815
- Ernst Moro, physician and pediatrician
- Paracelsus, (real name: Theophrast von Hohenheim), alchemist and physician
- Clemens von Pirquet, pediatrician and scientist in bacteriology and immunology
- Rudolf Pösch, physician
- Karl Pribram, physician, neuroscientist, originator of Holonomic brain theory
- Carl Rabl, anatomist
- Wilhelm Reich, psychiatrist, (1897-1957)
- Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), Austrian psychiatrist (presuicidal syndrome)
- Ignaz Semmelweis, physician (born in Hungary, Austria-Hungary)
- Hans Selye, physician (emigrated to Canada)
- Julius Wagner-Jauregg, physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
- Rudolf Wlassak, physiologist and neurologist 1865-1930
Psychologists
Other scientists
Mendel is often considered the "father of modern genetics."
- Othenio Abel, paleontologist
- Max Adler, jurist and marxist author 1873-1937
- Christopher Alexander, architectural theorist
- Wilhelm Alzinger, archeologist
- Bernard Andreae, archeologist
- Oscar Baumann, philosoph, explorer, ethnologist and geograph
- Heinz von Foerster, physicist and philosopher (working in the field of cybernetics)
- Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, orientalist
- Julius Hann, meteorologist
- Hans Hass, biologist
- Hans Kelsen, jurist (father of the Austrian constitution)
- Otto König, scientist in behavioural studies
- Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, social scientist
- Otto Loewi, pharmacologist (born in Germany, but spent 40 years (age 25-65) of his life in Austria) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Konrad Lorenz zoologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Gregor Mendel, pioneer of genetics
- August Emanuel von Reuss, paleontologist
- Rupert Riedl, zoologist
- Karl Rinner, geodesist 1912-1991
- Joseph Rock, explorer, geographer, botanist and linguist
- Armin Zijerdi, Paleontologist, Ethnologist
See also
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