The Lateran Treaty is one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, three agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See, ratified June 7 1929, ending the "Roman Question".

They consisted of three documents:

1. A political treaty recognizing the full sovereignty of the Holy See in the State of Vatican City, which was thereby established.
2. A concordat regulating the position of the Catholic Church and the Catholic religion in the Italian state.
3. A financial convention agreed on as a definitive settlement of the claims of the Holy See following the losses of its territories and property.

History

Territory of Vatican City State, established by the Lateran Accords

The agreements included a political treaty which created the state of the Vatican City and guaranteed full and independent sovereignty to the Holy See. The Pope was pledged to perpetual neutrality in international relations and to abstention from mediation in a controversy unless specifically requested by all parties. The concordat established Catholicism as the religion of Italy. The financial agreement was accepted as settlement of all the claims of the Holy See against Italy arising from the loss of temporal power in 1870.

Francesco Pacelli was the right hand man for Pietro Gasparri during the Lateran Treaty negotiations

To commemorate the successful conclusion of the negotiations, Mussolini commissioned the Via della Conciliazione (Road of the Conciliation), which would symbolically link the Vatican City to the heart of Rome.

The Lateran Agreements were incorporated into the Constitution of the Italian Republic in 1947.

In 1984 an agreement was signed, revising the concordat. Among other things, it ended the Church's position as the state-supported religion of Italy.

Violations

Italy's anti-Jewish laws of 1938 prohibited marriages between Jews and non-Jews, including Catholics. The Vatican viewed this as a violation of the Concordat, which gave the church the sole right to regulate marriage between Catholics.^[1] Article 34 of the Concordat also had specified that marriages performed by the Catholic Church would always be considered valid by civil authorities.^[2] The Vatican understood this to include Matrimony between non-Aryan Catholics or between one Aryan and a non-Aryan.^[3]

In February 1944, the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, one of the enumerated extraterritorial properties of the Holy See, was attacked by bands of Fascists of Italian Social Republic (IRS).^[4]

References

• Riccards, Michael P. 1998. Vicars of Christ: Popes, Power, and Politics in the Modern World. Herder & Herder. ISBN 082451694X.
• Zuccotti, Susan. 2000. Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300093101.

Notes

See also

• Holy See
• Vatican City
• Prisoner in the Vatican
• Properties of the Holy See
• Concordat with Germany

External links

• Text of the Lateran Pacts
• Background to Italian concordats from Concordat Watch

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