Events

• 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the usurper Magnentius, in Rome.
• 1422 - Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
• 1520 - The Spaniards are expelled from Tenochtitlan.
• 1559 - King Henry II of France is seriously injured in a jousting match against Gabriel de Montgomery.
• 1651 - The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising - the Battle of Beresteczko ends with a Polish victory.
• 1688 - The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, continuing the struggle for English independence from Rome which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
• 1758 - Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.
• 1805 - The U.S. Congress organizes the Michigan Territory.
• 1859 - French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
• 1860 - The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
• 1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation".
• 1882 - Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the shooting death of President James Garfield.
• 1886 - The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
• 1905 - Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", in which he introduces special relativity.
• 1906 - The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• 1908 - The Tunguska event occurs in Siberia.
• 1912 - The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada's deadliest tornado event.
• 1921 - U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1934 - The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
• 1935 - The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its first congress.
• 1941 - World War II: Operation Barbarossa - Germany captures Lviv, Ukraine.
• 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
• 1953 - The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
• 1956 - A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 (Flight 718) collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States, killing all 128 on board the two planes.
• 1960 - Congo gains independence from Belgium.
• 1963 - Ciaculli massacre: A car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police and military officers near Palermo.
• 1968 - Solemni hac liturgia by Pope Paul VI.
• 1969 - Nigeria bans Red Cross aid to Biafra.
• 1971 - The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
• 1971 - Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.
• 1972 - One leap second is added to the UTC time system.
• 1977 - Virginia Wade wins the Ladies Singles title at Wimbledon, the last British champion at the All England Club to date.
• 1985 - Thirty-nine American hostages from a hijacked TWA jetliner are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
• 1986 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
• 1987 - The Royal Canadian Mint introduces the $1 coin, known as the Loonie.
• 1988 - French archbishop Marcel Lefebvre is excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church.
• 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
• 1992 - Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher joins the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.
• 1997 - The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• 2005 - Spain legalizes same-sex marriage.
• 2007 - A car crashes into Glasgow International Airport in Scotland, believed to be a terrorist attack.

Births

• 1286 - John de Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey, English politician (d. 1347)
• 1470 - Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)
• 1503 - John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
• 1641 - Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, Irish general (d. 1719)
• 1685 - John Gay, British writer (d. 1732)
• 1755 - Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras, French politician (d. 1829)
• 1789 - Horace Vernet, French painter and graphic artist (d. 1863)
• 1803 - Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet (d. 1849)
• 1807 - Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, German narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d. 1887)
• 1817 - Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911)
• 1823 - Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Indian industrialist (d. 1901)
• 1843 - Ernest Mason Satow, British diplomat (d. 1929)
• 1884 - Georges Duhamel, French author (d. 1966)
• 1891 - Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
• 1891 - Ed "Strangler" Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966)
• 1892 - Oswald Pohl, German Nazi leader (d. 1951)
• 1893 - Walter Ulbricht, German politician (d. 1973)
• 1899 - Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)
• 1899 - Harry Shields, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1971)
• 1906 - Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981)
• 1906 - Anthony Mann, American film actor and director (d. 1967)
• 1907 - Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950)
• 1908 - Winston Graham, British writer (d. 2003)
• 1911 - Czes?aw Mi?osz, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
• 1912 - Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (d. 2003)
• 1912 - Dan Reeves - Owner of the Cleveland/Los Angeles Rams (d. 1971)
• 1913 - Harry Wismer, owner of the New York Jets (d. 1967)
• 1913 - Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd Colombian President (d. 2007)
• 1914 - Francisco da Costa Gomes, 16^th President of Portugal (d. 2001)
• 1917 - Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
• 1917 - Lena Horne, American actress and singer
• 1919 - Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)
• 1926 - Paul Berg, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1929 - James Goldman, American screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1931 - Bert Eriksson, Flemish neo-Nazi (d. 2005)
• 1931 - Andrew Hill, American jazz pianist (d. 2007)
• 1933 - Lea Massari, Italian actress
• 1933 - Orval Tessier, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1934 - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)
• 1936 - Nancy Dussault, American actress
• 1936 - Tony Musante, American actor
• 1936 - Dave Van Ronk, American folk singer/songwriter (d. 2002)
• 1938 - Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999)
• 1939 - José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet
• 1940 - Mark Spoelstra, American folk singer (d. 2007)
• 1941 - Peter Pollock, South African cricket player
• 1942 - Robert Ballard, Oceanographer
• 1942 - Ron Harris, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1943 - Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976)
• 1944 - Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
• 1944 - Terry Funk, American professional wrestler
• 1944 - Glenn Shorrock, Australian singer-songwriter; co-founding member of Little River Band
• 1944 - Ron Swoboda, American baseball player
• 1950 - Leonard Whiting, British actor
• 1951 - Stanley Clarke, American musician
• 1952 - David Garrison, Broadway and television actor
• 1952 - Athanassios S. Fokas, Greek mathematician
• 1953 - Hal Lindes, British-American musician (Dire Straits)
• 1954 - Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)
• 1955 - David Alan Grier, American actor and comedian
• 1957 - Sterling Marlin, American race car driver (NASCAR)
• 1958 - Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
• 1959 - Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor
• 1959 - Brendan Perry, British musician (Dead Can Dance)
• 1960 - Murray Cook, Australian children's singer (The Wiggles)
• 1962 - Tony Fernández, Dominican baseball player
• 1963 - Yngwie J. Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist
• 1964 - Alexandra Christina Manley, Former Danish princess, now countess
• 1965 - Mitch Richmond, American basketball player
• 1965 - Steve Duchesne, French Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 - Gary Pallister, English footballer
• 1966 - Mike Tyson, American former boxer
• 1966 - Marton Csokas, New Zealand actor
• 1968 - Philip Anselmo, American musician
• 1969 - Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1970 - Brian Bloom, American actor
• 1970 - Mark Grudzielanek, American baseball player
• 1971 - Anette Michel, Mexican actress
• 1971 - Monica Potter, American actress
• 1972 - Sandra Cam, Belgian swimmer
• 1972 - James Martin, English celebrity chef
• 1973 - Chan-ho Park, South Korean baseball player
• 1974 - Melanie Lambert American ice skater
• 1975 - Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver (F1)
• 1978 - Owen Lafave, ex-husband of Debra Lafave
• 1978 - Ben Cousins, Australian Football League player
• 1979 - Matisyahu, Hasidic Jewish Reggae singer
• 1979 - Rick Gonzalez, Hispanic-American actor
• 1979 - Travis Minor, National Football League Runningback
• 1980 - Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
• 1981 - Can Artam, Turkish racing driver
• 1981 - Matt Kirk, Canadian football Player
• 1981 - Karolina Sadalska, Polish kayaker
• 1981 - Ben Utecht, American football Player
• 1982 - Dan Jacobs, American guitarist (Atreyu)
• 1982 - Andy Knowles, British musician (Franz Ferdinand)
• 1982 - Mitch Maier, American baseball player
• 1982 - Lizzy Caplan, American actress
• 1983 - Brendon James, British drummer (Thirteen Senses)
• 1983 - Marlin Jackson, American football player
• 1983 - Patrick Wolf, British musician
• 1983 - Cheryl Cole, British singer (Girls Aloud)
• 1984 - Fantasia Barrino, American singer
• 1984 - Gabriel Badilla, Costa Rican footballer
• 1985 - Rafal Blechacz, Polish classical pianist
• 1985 - Michael Phelps, American swimmer
• 1985 - Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer
• 1985 - Cody Runnels, American wrestler
• 1986 - Victoria Crawford, American wrestler and model
• 1991 - Kaho, Japanese actress

Deaths

• 350 - Nepotianus, Roman usurper
• 1181 - Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester, English politician (b. 1147)
• 1224 - Adolf of Osnabrück, Saint Adolf (b. 1185)
• 1364 - Arnost of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (b. 1297)
• 1538 - Charles of Egmond, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)
• 1579 - Mehmed Pasha Sokolovi?, Turkish Janissary
• 1607 - Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)
• 1660 - William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
• 1666 - Alexander Brome, English poet (b. 1620)
• 1670 - Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1644)
• 1704 - John Quelch, a pirate was hanged (b. 1665)
• 1709 - Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
• 1785 - James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia (b. 1696)
• 1796 - Abraham Yates, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
• 1857 - Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (b. 1802)
• 1882 - Charles J. Guiteau, American assassin of President James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
• 1882 - Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
• 1890 - Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (b. 1819)
• 1919 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)
• 1934 - Night of the Long Knives murders
  • Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
  • Gregor Strasser, former Nazi politician (b. 1892)
  • Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862)
  • Karl Ernst, SA-gruppenführer (b. 1904)
  • Erich Klausener, Catholic politician (b. 1885)
• 1953 - Charles William Miller, father of football in Brazil (b. 1874)
• 1959 - José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882)
• 1961 - Lee DeForest, American inventor (b. 1873)
• 1966 - Giuseppe Farina, Italian Formula One champion. First person to win an F1 championship. (b. 1906)
• 1971 - Herbert Biberman, Jewish American screenwriter and film director (b. 1900)
• 1971 - Crew of Soyuz 11
  • Viktor Patsayev (b. 1933)
  • Georgi Dobrovolski (b. 1928)
  • Vladislav Volkov (b. 1935)
• 1973 - Blessed Vasyl Velychkovsky C.Ss.R Bishop and Martyr (b. 1903)
• 1974 - Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890)
• 1976 - Firpo Marberry, baseball player (b. 1898)
• 1984 - Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)
• 1993 - George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1993 - Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer (b. 1962)
• 1995 - Gale Gordon, American actor (b. 1906)
• 1995 - Georgi Beregovoi, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921)
• 1995 - Phyllis Hyman, American jazz vocalist (b. 1949)
• 1997 - Larry O'Day, wrestler (b. 1944)
• 2001 - Chet Atkins, American country guitar player and producer (b. 1924)
• 2001 - Joe Henderson, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1937)
• 2002 - Chico Xavier, popular medium in Brazil´s spiritism movement (b. 1910)
• 2003 - Buddy Hackett, American comic (b. 1924)
• 2003 - Robert McCloskey, American children's book writer and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 2004 - Jamal Abro, Sindhi writer (b. 1924)
• 2006 - Robert Gernhardt, German satirist (b. 1937)
• 2007 - Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)

Holidays and observances

• Independence Day in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• First Martyrs of the See of Rome.
• Saint Martialis
• Saint Theobald of Provins

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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