June 20
On leap years, this day usually marks the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere and the winter solstice in the southern hemisphere .
Events
451 - Battle of Chalons : Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun .
1214 - The University of Oxford receives its charter .
1631 - The sack of Baltimore : the Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates .
1685 - Monmouth Rebellion : James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater .
1756 - A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta .
1782 - The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States .
1787 - Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the United States .
1789 - Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath .
1791 - King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during The French Revolution .
1819 - The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool , United Kingdom . She is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic , although most of the journey was made under sail.
1837 - Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.
1840 - Samuel Morse receives the patent for the telegraph .
1862 - Barbu Catargiu , the Prime Minister of Romania , is assassinated.
1863 - American Civil War : West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state .
1877 - Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada .
1893 - Lizzie Borden is acquitted for the murders of her father and stepmother.
1919 - 150 die at the Teatro Yaguez fire, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico .
1944 - World War II : The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the ?Great Marianas Turkey Shoot?.
1948 - Toast of the Town , later The Ed Sullivan Show , makes its television debut.
1956 - A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashes in the Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park , New Jersey , killing 74 people.
1960 - Independence of Mali and Senegal .
1963 - The so-called "red telephone " is established between the Soviet Union and the United States following the Cuban Missile Crisis .
1973 - Ezeiza massacre in Buenos Aires , Argentina . Snipers fire upon left-wing Peronists . At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.
1979 - ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle . The murder is caught on tape and sparked international outcry of the regime.
1990 - Asteroid Eureka is discovered.
1991 - The German parliament decides to move the capital from Bonn back to Berlin .
Births
1005 - Ali az-Zahir , caliph (d. 1036 )
1389 - John, Duke of Bedford , regent of England (d. 1435 )
1566 (O.S. ) - King Sigismund III Vasa (d. 1632 )
1583 - Jacob De la Gardie , Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652 )
1634 - Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy (d. 1675 )
1642 (O.S. ) - George Hickes , English minister and scholar (d. 1715 )
1647 - John George III, Elector of Saxony (d. 1691 )
1717 - Jacques Saly , French sculptor (d. 1776 )
1723 (O.S. ) - Adam Ferguson , Scottish philosopher and historian (d. 1816 )
1723 (O.S. ) - Theophilus Lindsey , English theologian (d. 1808 )
1733 - Betty Washington - sister of George Washington
1737 - Tokugawa Ieharu , Japanese military (d. 1786 )
1756 - Joseph Martin Kraus , Swedish composer (d. 1792 )
1763 - Wolfe Tone , Irish patriot (d. 1798 )
1770 - Moses Waddel , American educator /minister and bestselling author (d. 1840 )
1771 - Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk , Scottish philanthropist (d. 1820 )
1786 - Marceline Desbordes-Valmore , French poet (d. 1859 )
1808 - Samson Raphael Hirsch , German rabbi (d. 1888 )
1819 - Jacques Offenbach , German-born French composer (d. 1880 )
1858 - Charles W. Chesnutt , American writer (d. 1932 )
1860 - Jack Worrall , Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. 1937 )
1861 - Frederick Hopkins , English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (d.1947 )
1872 - George Carpenter , the 5th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1948 )
1885 - Andrzej Gawro?ski , Polish scholar (d. 1927 )
1887 - Kurt Schwitters , German painter and writer (d. 1948 )
1889 - John S. Paraskevopoulos , Greek-South African astronomer (d. 1951 )
1891 - John A. Costello , second Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland (d. 1976 )
1894 - Lloyd Hall , American chemist (d. 1971 )
1896 - Wilfrid Pelletier , Canadian conductor (d. 1982 )
1897 - Elisabeth Hauptmann , German writer (d. 1973 )
1899 - Jean Moulin , French Resistance leader (d. 1943 )
1905 - Lillian Hellman , American playwright (d. 1984 )
1907 - Jimmy Driftwood , American songwriter and musician (d. 1998 )
1908 - Billy Werber , American baseball player
1909 - Errol Flynn , Australian actor (d. 1959 )
1911 - Gail Patrick , American actress (d. 1980 )
1912 - Anthony Buckeridge , English author (d. 2004 )
1915 - Dick Reynolds , Australian rules footballer and coach (d. 2002 )
1915 - Terence Young , British film director (d. 1994 )
1916 - Jean-Jacques Bertrand , premier of Quebec (d. 1973 )
1917 - Igor ?mia?owski , Polish actor (d. 2006 )
1918 - George Lynch , American auto racer (d. 1997 )
1918 - Zoltán Sztáray , Hungarian writer
1920 - Hans Gerschwiler , Swiss figure skater
1924 - Chet Atkins , American guitar player and producer (d. 2001 )
1924 - Audie Murphy , American Medal of Honor recipient and actor (d. 1971 )
1924 - Fritz Koenig , German sculptor
1928 - Eric Dolphy , American jazz musician (d. 1964 )
1928 - Jean-Marie Le Pen , French politician
1930 - Paul Pender , American boxer
1930 - Magdalena Abakanowicz , Polish artist
1931 - Olympia Dukakis , Greek-American actress
1931 - Martin Landau , American actor
1932 - Robert Rozhdestvensky , Russian poet (d. 1994 )
1933 - Danny Aiello , American actor
1934 - Wendy Craig , English actress
1934 - Rossana Podestà , Italian actress
1935 - Len Dawson , former football player
1935 - Neal Knox , gun rights activist (d. 2005 )
1936 - Billy Guy , American singer (The Coasters ) (d. 2002 )
1937 - Jerry Keller , pop singer and songwriter
1938 - Mickie Most , British record producer (d. 2003 )
1939 - Ramakant Desai , Indian cricketer (d. 1998 )
1940 - Eugen Drewermann , German theologian
1940 - John Mahoney , English actor
1941 - Ulf Merbold , German physicist and astronaut
1941 - Stephen Frears , English film director
1942 - Brian Wilson , American musician; founder of The Beach Boys
1944 - Cheryl Holdridge , American actress
1944 - David Roper , English actor
1945 - Anne Murray , Canadian singer
1946 - Bob Vila , television presenter
1946 - Xanana Gusmão , President of East Timor
1946 - Andre Watts , American pianist
1947 - Dolores Brooks , American singer (the Crystals )
1947 - Candy Clark , American actress
1947 - Josef Clemens , German bishop and Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
1947 - Ivo Milazzo , Italian comic book artist
1948 - Ludwig Scotty , President of Nauru
1949 - Lionel Richie , American musician (The Commodores )
1949 - Alan Longmuir , Scottish bass guitarist (Bay City Rollers )
1951 - Tress MacNeille , American voice actress
1951 - Paul Muldoon , Northern Irish poet
1951 - Bill Simon , American businessman and politician
1952 - John Goodman , American actor
1952 - Larry Riley , American actor (d. 1992 )
1952 - Vikram Seth , Indian poet
1953 - Ulrich Mühe , German actor (d. 2007 )
1953 - Raúl Ramírez , Mexican tennis player
1952 - Willy Rampf , German F1 technical director (BMW Sauber )
1954 - Michael Anthony , American musician (Van Halen )
1954 - Ilan Ramon , Israeli combat pilot and astronaut (d. 2003 )
1954 - Allan Lamb , South African born English cricketer
1956 - Ace Andres , American musician
1956 - Peter Reid , English former footballer
1957 - Koko B. Ware , American professional wrestler
1958 - Chuck Wagner , American actor
1958 - Ron Hornaday , American racecar driver
1960 - John Taylor , English musician (Duran Duran )
1963 - Amir Derakh , American musician (Orgy )
1963 - Don West , American professional wrestling announcer
1964 - Pierfrancesco Chili , Italian motorcycle racer
1964 - Silke Möller , German track and field athlete
1967 - Nicole Kidman , American-born Australian actress
1968 - Robert Rodriguez , American film director
1969 - MaliVai Washington , American former tennis player
1970 - Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco
1970 - Andrea Nahles , German politician
1970 - Bruce Woodcock , American computer games analyst
1971 - Josh Lucas , American actor
1971 - Jeordie White , American musician (Marilyn Manson )
1971 - Rodney Rogers , American basketball player
1972 - Paul Bako , American baseball player
1973 - Brian Maloney , Austin Designer and creator of snerst.com
1973 - Chino Moreno , American musician (Deftones )
1974 - Attila Czene , Hungarian swimmer
1974 - Jami Ferrell , American model and actress
1975 - Daniel Zítka , Czech footballer
1976 - Jerome Fontamillas ,Filipino American musician (Switchfoot )
1976 - Carlos Lee , Panamanian baseball player
1976 - Rob Mackowiak , American baseball player
1976 - Juliano Belletti , Brazilian footballer
1977 - Gordan Giri?ek , Croatian basketball player
1978 - LaVar Arrington , American football player
1978 - Quinton Jackson , American Mixed Martial Artist
1978 - Frank Lampard , English footballer
1978 - Jan-Paul Saeijs , Dutch footballer
1978 - Bobby Seay , American baseball player
1979 - Charlotte Hatherley , English guitarist (Ash )
1979 - Charles Howell III , Professional Golfer
1979 - Cael Sanderson , Olympic Wrestler
1979 - Lani Billard , Canadian actress
1980 - Carlo Festuccia , Italian rugby union footballer
1980 - Fabian Wegmann , German road racing cyclist
1980 - Tony Lovato , American singer and guitarrist (Mest )
1980 - Franco Semioli , Italian footballer
1981 - Ardian Gashi , Albanian-Norwegian footballer
1983 - Darren Sproles , American football player
1983 - Josh Childress , American basketball player
1983 - Cherrie Ying , Hong Kong actress
1985 - Souleymane Mamam , Togolese footballer
1985 - Darko Mili?i? , Serbian basketball player
1986 - DJ Biz , Computer DJ
1988 - Shefali Chowdhury , Welsh actress
1989 - Christopher Mintz-Plasse , American actor
1990 - Tim Commandeur , Australian musician
1997 - Maria Lark , Russian-born American actress
Deaths
451 - Theodorid , King of the Visigoths
840 - Louis the Pious , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 778 )
885 - Bernard Plantapilosa , Count of Auvergne (b. 841 )
1597 - Willem Barentsz , Dutch navigator
1668 - Heinrich Roth , German Sanskrit scholar (b. 1620 )
1776 - Benjamin Huntsman , English inventor and manufacturer (b. 1704 )
1787 - Carl Friedrich Abel , German composer (b. 1723 )
1800 - Abraham Gotthelf Kästner , German mathematician (b. 1719 )
1820 - Manuel Belgrano , Argentine lawyer and politician (b. 1770 )
1837 - William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765 )
1869 - Toshizou Hijikata , Shinsengumi vice-commander (b. 1835 )
1870 - Jules de Goncourt , French writer (b. 1830 )
1906 - John Clayton Adams , British landscape artist (b. 1840 )
1925 - Josef Breuer , Austrian psychologist (b. 1842 )
1945 - Bruno Frank , German author (b. 1878 )
1947 - Bugsy Siegel , American crime figure (b. 1906 )
1952 - Luigi Fagioli , Italian race car driver (b. 1898 )
1958 - Kurt Alder , German chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902 )
1963 - Raphaël Salem , Greek mathematician (b. 1898 )
1972 - Howard Johnson , American businessman, originator of restaurant chain (b. 1897 )
1976 - Lou Klein , American baseball player (b. 1918 )
1978 - Mark Robson , Canadian film director and producer (b. 1913 )
1995 - Emil Cioran , Romanian-born French philosopher (b. 1911 )
1996 - Jim Ellison , Singer/Guitarist for the band Material Issue (b. 1964 )
1997 - Lawrence Payton , American singer (The Four Tops ) (b. 1938 )
1998 - Conrad Schumann , East German border guard (b. 1942 )
1999 - Clifton Fadiman , American author (b. 1902 )
2002 - Erwin Chargaff , Austrian biochemist (b. 1905 )
2002 - Tinus Osendarp , Dutch runner (b. 1916 )
2003 - Bob Stump , American politician (b. 1927 )
2005 - Jack Kilby , American electrical engineer, Nobel laureate (b. 1923 )
2005 - Larry Collins , American writer (b. 1929 )
2006 - Billy Johnson , American baseball player (b. 1918 )
2007 - Trevor Henry , New Zealand Justice (b. 1902 )
Holidays and observances
External links
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