July 6
Events
1044 - The Battle of Ménf? takes place.
1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England .
1253 - Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania .
1348 - Papal bull of Pope Clement VI protecting Jews during the Black Death .
1415 - Jan Hus is burned at the stake.
1483 - Richard III is crowned King of England.
1484 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Căo finds the mouth of the Congo River .
1495 - First Italian War : Battle of Fornovo : Charles VIII defeats the Holy League , but ultimately ends his attempted conquest of Italy .
1535 - Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII .
1560 - The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England.
1573 - Córdoba, Argentina , is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera .
1609 - Bohemia is granted freedom of religion .
1630 - Thirty-Years War : 4,000 Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus land in Pomerania , Germany .
1777 - American Revolutionary War : Battle of Ticonderoga : Due to a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne , American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga , New York .
1785 - The dollar is unanimously chosen as the monetary unit for the United States.
1801 - Battle of Algeciras : The French navy are defeated by the British Royal Navy .
1854 - In Jackson, Michigan , the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.
1885 - Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies . The patient is Joseph Meister , a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
1887 - David Kalakaua , monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii , is forced at gunpoint, at the hands of the Americans, to sign the Bayonet Constitution giving Americans more power in Hawaii while stripping Hawaiian citizens of their rights.
1892 - Dadabhai Naoroji elected as first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain .
1892 - 3,800 striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike , leaving 10 dead and dozens wounded.
1893 - The small town of Pomeroy, Iowa , is nearly destroyed by a tornado that kills 71 people and injures 200.
1905 - Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
1908 - Robert Peary sets sail for the Arctic on the expedition on which he later reaches the North Pole .
1917 - World War I : Arabian troops led by Lawrence of Arabia and Auda ibu Tayi capture Aqaba from the Turks during the Arab Revolt .
1919 - The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
1933 - The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played in Chicago 's Comiskey Park . The American League defeats the National League , 4-2.
1936 - A major breach of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading 200 feet into the River Irwell .
1939 - Holocaust : The last remaining Jewish enterprises in Germany are closed.
1942 - Anne Frank and her family went into hiding in the "Secret Annexe " above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse .
1944 - The Hartford Circus Fire , one of America's worst fire disasters , kills approximately 168 people and injures over 700 in Hartford, Connecticut .
1947 - The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union .
1957 - Althea Gibson wins the Wimbledon championships , becoming the first black athlete to do so.
1962 - Nuclear test shot Sedan ; part of Operation Plowshare .
1964 - Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
1966 - Malawi becomes a republic , with Hastings Banda as the first President .
1967 - Biafran War : Nigerian forces invade Biafra , beginning the war.
1975 - The Comoros declare independence from France .
1978 - The Taunton sleeping car fire occurred in Taunton , Somerset killing twelve people.
1986 - Davis Phinney became the first American cyclist to win a road stage of the Tour de France .
1988 - The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires. 167 oil workers are killed, making it the world's worst offshore oil disaster.
1989 - The Israeli 405 Bus slaughter in which 14 bus passengers were killed when an Arab assaulted the bus driver as the bus was driving by the edge of a cliff.
1998 - Hong Kong 's Kai Tak Airport is closed and the new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok becomes operational.
1999 - U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted in his sleep the previous day by fellow soldiers for his relationship with transgendered showgirl and former Navy combat medic, Calpernia Addams .
2003 - The 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message Cosmic Call 2 to 5 stars: Hip 4872 , HD 245409 , 55 Cancri , HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris that will arrive to these stars in 2036 , 2040 , 2044 , 2044 and 2049 respectively.
2006 - The Nathula Pass between India and China , sealed during the Sino-Indian War , re-opens for trade after 44 years.
Births
1686 - Antoine de Jussieu , French naturalist (d. 1758 )
1747 - John Paul Jones , American naval commander (d. 1792 )
1766 - Alexander Wilson , Scottish-born naturalist (d. 1813 )
1782 - Maria Louisa of Spain , queen of Etruria (d. 1824 )
1785 - William Jackson Hooker , English botanist (d. 1865 )
1789 - Maria Isabella of Spain , queen of the Two Sicilies (d. 1846 )
1796 - Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (d. 1855 )
1817 - Albert von Kölliker , Swiss anatomist (d. 1905 )
1818 - Adolf Anderssen , German chess player (d. 1879 )
1837 - Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar , Indian scholar (d. 1925 )
1838 - Vatroslav Jagic , Croatian scholar (d. 1923 )
1859 - Verner von Heidenstam , Nobel laureate (d. 1940 )
1865 - Emile Jaques-Dalcroze , Swiss musician (d. 1950 )
1868 - Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1935 )
1878 - Eino Leino , Finnish poet (d. 1926 )
1884 - Harold Stirling Vanderbilt , member of the Vanderbilt family (d. 1970 )
1885 - Ernst Busch , German field marshal (d. 1945 )
1887 - Annette Kellerman , Australian swimmer (d. 1975 )
1898 - Hanns Eisler , German composer (d. 1962 )
1903 - Hugo Theorell , Nobel laureate (d. 1982 )
1900 - Frederica Sagor Maas , American playwright
1904 - Erik Wickberg , Salvation Army general (d. 1996 )
1907 - Frida Kahlo , Mexican painter (d. 1954 )
1907 - George Stanley , Canadian politician and designer of Canada's Flag (d. 2002 )
1912 - Heinrich Harrer , Austrian mountaineer (d. 2006 )
1917 - Arthur Lydiard , New Zealand running coach (d. 2004 )
1918 - Sebastian Cabot , English actor (d. 1977 )
1919 - Ernst Haefliger , Swiss singer (d. 2007 )
1921 - Nancy Reagan , First Lady of the United States
1923 - Wojciech Jaruzelski , President of Poland
1925 - Merv Griffin , American television show host (d. 2007 )
1925 - Bill Haley , American singer (d. 1981 )
1927 - Jan Hein Donner , Dutch chess player
1927 - Alan Freeman , British DJ known by his nickname 'Fluff' (d. 2006 )
1927 - Janet Leigh , American actress (d. 2004 )
1927 - Pat Paulsen , American comedian (d. 1997 )
1927 - Nilo Soruco , Bolivian songwriter (d. 2004 )
1931 - Jean Campeau , French Canadian businessman and politician
1931 - Della Reese , American singer
1933 - Frank Austin , English footballer
1935 - Tenzin Gyatso , 14th Dalai Lama
1936 - Dave Allen , Irish comedian (d. 2005 )
1937 - Vladimir Ashkenazy , Russian-born pianist and conductor
1937 - Ned Beatty , American actor
1937 - Gene Chandler , American singer
1939 - Jet Harris , English bass guitarist
1940 - Nursultan Nazarbayev , President of Kazakhstan
1940 - Jeannie Seely , American singer
1945 - Burt Ward , American actor
1946 - George W. Bush , 43rd President of the United States
1946 - Peter Singer , Australian philosopher
1946 - Fred Dryer , American football player and actor
1946 - Sylvester Stallone , American actor
1947 - Richard Beckinsale , English actor (d. 1979 )
1947 - Lance Clemons , baseball player
1948 - Nathalie Baye , French actress
1948 - Jean-Pierre Blackburn , French Canadian politician
1948 - Brad Park , Canadian hockey player
1948 - Tom Curley , American media executive
1949 - Phyllis Hyman , American singer (d. 1995 )
1950 - John Byrne , American comic book author & artist
1950 - Hélčne Scherrer , Canadian politician
1951 - Geoffrey Rush , Australian actor
1953 - Nanci Griffith , American singer
1954 - Allyce Beasley , American actress
1954 - Willie Randolph , former New York Mets manager
1955 - Frank Sontag , American radio personality
1955 - William Wall , Irish writer
1956 - Casey Sander , American actor
1957 - Ron Duguay , Canadian ice hockey player
1958 - Jennifer Saunders , English actress
1959 - Richard Dacoury , French basketball player
1961 - Rick Price , singer/songwriter
1963 - Todd Burns , baseball player
1963 - Lance Johnson , American baseball player
1966 - Brian Posehn , American actor
1967 - James Hannon , Bronx filmmaker
1967 - Heather Nova , Bermudian singer
1967 - Omar Olivares , Puerto Rican baseball player
1969 - Brian Van Holt , American actor
1969 - Fernando Redondo , Argentine footballer
1970 - Inspectah Deck , American rapper
1970 - Frank Salvato II , Italian-American Sound Engineer and Composer
1970 - Martin Smith , English singer (Delirious? )
1971 - Kenya D. Williamson , American actress
1972 - Isabelle Boulay , French-Canadian singer
1972 - D-Styles , American scratch DJ
1972 - Greg Norton , American baseball player
1972 - Mark Gasser , British pianist
1974 - Zé Roberto , Brazilian footballer
1975 - Amir-Abbas Fakhravar , Iranian journalist and activist
1975 - Sebastián Rulli , Argentine actor
1975 - 50 Cent , American rapper
1977 - Con Blatsis , Australian footballer
1977 - Makhaya Ntini , South African cricketer
1977 - Craig Handley , British film director
1978 - Tia Mowry and Tamera Mowry , American actresses
1978 - Kevin Senio , New Zealand rugby player
1979 - Nic Cester , Australian musician (Jet )
1980 - Pau Gasol , Spanish basketball player
1981 - Nnamdi Asomugha , American football player
1982 - Tay Zonday , American singer and keyboardist
1983 - Gregory Smith , Canadian actor
1984 - Lauren Harris , British rock singer
1984 - James Henderson , American model
1986 - Derrick Williams , American football player
1987 - Kate Nash , English singer/songwriter
1987 - Matt O'Leary , American actor
1987 - Caroline Trentini , Brazilian model
1994 - Rebecca Rosso and Camilla Rosso , British actresses
Deaths
1189 - King Henry II of England (b. 1133 )
1218 - Eudes III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1166 )
1249 - King Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1198 )
1415 - Jan Hus , Bohemian reformer (b. 1369 )
1476 - Regiomantus , German astronomer (b. 1436 )
1480 - Antonio Squarcialupi , Italian composer (b. 1416 )
1533 - Ludovico Ariosto , Italian poet (b. 1474 )
1535 - Sir Thomas More , English philosopher (b. 1478 )
1553 - King Edward VI of England (b. 1537 )
1583 - Edmund Grindal , Archbishop of Canterbury
1585 - Thomas Aufield , English Catholic martyr (b. 1552 )
1684 - Peter Gunning , English royalist churchman (b. 1614 )
1758 - George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe , British general
1762 - Tsar Peter III of Russia (b. 1728 )
1768 - Conrad Beissel , German-born religious leader (b. 1690 )
1802 - Daniel Morgan , American Revolutionary general and politician (b. ~1735)
1809 - Antoine Charles Louis Lasalle , French cavalry general (b. 1775 )
1813 - Granville Sharp , British abolitionist (b. 1735 )
1835 - John Marshall , Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1755 )
1854 - Georg Ohm , German physicist (b. 1789 )
1868 - Sanosuke Harada , Shinsengumi Captain (b. 1840 )
1893 - Guy de Maupassant , French author (b. 1850 )
1901 - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst , Chancellor of Germany (b. 1819 )
1902 - St. Maria Goretti , Italian saint (b. 1890 )
1907 - August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein , German Linguist, Theologian (b. 1826 )
1916 - Odilon Redon , French painter (b. 1840 )
1922 - Maria Theresa Ledochowska , Polish-Austrian Catholic nun (b. 1863 )
1932 - Kenneth Grahame , English author (b. 1859 )
1950 - Fats Navarro , American jazz trumpet player (b. 1923 )
1952 - Louis-Alexandre Taschereau , French Canadian politician (b. 1867 )
1960 - Aneurin Bevan , British politician (b. 1897 )
1961 - Scott LaFaro , American musician (b. 1936 )
1961 - Woodall Rodgers , American politician (b. 1890 )
1962 - William Faulkner , American writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1897 )
1962 - Archduke Joseph August of Austria , Austrian field marshal (b. 1872 )
1962 - Georg, Duke of Mecklenburg , head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1899 )
1966 - Sad Sam Jones , American baseball player (b. 1892 )
1971 - Louis Armstrong , American musician (b. 1901 )
1972 - Brandon De Wilde , American actor (b. 1942 )
1973 - Otto Klemperer , German conductor (b. 1885 )
1975 - Otto Skorzeny , WWII German SS commando (b. 1908 )
1975 - Ruffian , American racehorse (b. 1972 )
1976 - Zhu De , Chinese Communist military leader and statesman (b. 1886)
1976 - Fritz Lenz , German geneticist (b. 1887 )
1979 - Van McCoy , American music producer, musician, songwriter and orchestra leader (b. 1940 )
1982 - Bob Johnson , American baseball player (b. 1905 )
1986 - Jagjivan Ram , Indian politician (b. 1908 )
1989 - János Kádár , Hungarian politician (b. 1912 )
1991 - Muda Lawal , Nigerian footballer (b. 1954 )
1994 - Cameron Mitchell , American actor (b. 1918 )
1995 - Aziz Nesin , Turkish humorist and author (b. 1915 )
1996 - Kathy Ahern , American golfer (b. 1949 )
1998 - Roy Rogers , American actor (b. 1911 )
1999 - Carl Gunter Jr , American politician (b. 1938 )
1999 - Joaquin Rodrigo , Spanish composer (b. 1901 )
1999 - Barry Winchell , American soldier (b. 1977 )
2002 - Dhirubhai Ambani , Indian businessman (b. 1932 )
2002 - John Frankenheimer , American film director (b. 1930 )
2003 - Buddy Ebsen , American actor (b. 1908 )
2004 - Thomas Klestil , President of Austria (b. 1932 )
2004 - Syreeta Wright , American singer (b. 1946 )
2005 - Bruno Augenstein , German-born mathematician (b. 1923 )
2005 - L. Patrick Gray III , American FBI director (b. 1916 )
2005 - Evan Hunter , American novelist (b. 1926 )
2005 - Claude Simon , French writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1913 )
2005 - Richard Verreau , Canadian tenor (b. 1926 )
2006 - Kasey Rogers , American actress (b. 1926 )
2006 - Tom Weir , Scottish climber, author and broadcaster (b. 1914 )
2008 - Bobby Durham , American jazz drummer (b. 1937 )
Holidays and observances
External links
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