Events

• 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• 1298 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk - King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town.
• 1456 - Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade - John Hunyadi, Regent of Kingdom of Hungary defeats Mehmet II of Ottoman Empire
• 1484 - Battle of Lochmaben Fair - a 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
• 1499 - Battle of Dornach - the Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I.
• 1587 - Colony of Roanoke: a second group of English settlers arrive on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
• 1686 - Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.
• 1793 - Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada.
• 1796 - Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
• 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition - Battle of Cape Finisterre - an inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleets under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
• 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War - Battle of Salamanca - British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta - outside Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.
• 1916 - In San Francisco, California, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade killing 10 and injuring 40.
• 1933 - Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.
• 1934 - Outside Chicago's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
• 1937 - New Deal: the United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1942 - The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
• 1942 - Holocaust: the systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
• 1943 - Allied forces capture the Italian city of Palermo.
• 1944 - The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland
• 1946 - King David Hotel bombing: Irgun bombs King David Hotel in Jerusalem, headquarters of the British civil and military administration, killing 90.
• 1962 - Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
• 1968 - Sir John Newsome recommends public schools should take 50% of their intake from the state school system
• 1977 - Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
• 1983 - Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
• 1992 - Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
• 1997 - The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
• 2002 - Israel assassinates Salah Shahade, the Commander-in-Chief of Hamas's military arm, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, along with 14 civilians.
• 2003 - Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year old son, and a bodyguard.
• 2005 - Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers. See 7 July 2005 London bombings and 21 July 2005 London bombings

Births

• 1210 - Joan of England, Queen consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (d. 1238)
• 1478 - King Philip I of Castile (d. 1506)
• 1510 - Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537)
• 1535 - Katarina Stenbock, wife of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)
• 1559 - Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian monk (d. 1619)
• 1621 - Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (d. 1683)
• 1711 - Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Russian physicist (d. 1753)
• 1713 - Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect (d. 1780)
• 1733 - Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1790)
• 1755 - Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician (d. 1839)
• 1784 - Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1846)
• 1844 - William Archibald Spooner, English priest and scholar (d. 1930)
• 1848 - Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914)
• 1849 - Emma Lazarus, American poet (d. 1887)
• 1863 - Alec Hearne, Former England cricketer (d. 1952)
• 1882 - Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
• 1887 - Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1975)
• 1888 - Kirk Bryan, American geologist (d. 1950)
• 1888 - Selman Waksman, Ukrainian/American biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1973)
• 1889 - James Whale, English film director (d. 1957)
• 1890 - Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, American Kennedy family matriarch (d. 1995)
• 1892 - Jack MacBryan, Former England cricketer and Olympic gold medallist (d. 1983)
• 1893 - Jesse Haines, American baseball player (d. 1978)
• 1893 - Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (d. 1990)
• 1898 - Stephen Vincent Benét, American author (d. 1943)
• 1898 - Alexander Calder, American artist (d. 1976)
• 1905 - Doc Cramer, American baseball player (d. 1990)
• 1907 - Zubir Said, Singaporean composer who composed Singapore's national anthem (d. 1987)
• 1908 - Amy Vanderbilt, American author (d. 1974)
• 1909 - Dorino Serafini, Italian racing driver (d. 2000)
• 1913 - Licia Albanese, American opera singer
• 1913 - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader (d. 1995)
• 1915 - Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani politician, diplomat and author. (d. 2000)
• 1916 - Gino Bianco, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1984)
• 1916 - Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949)
• 1921 - William Roth, U.S. Senator (d. 2003)
• 1923 - Bob Dole, American politician
• 1923 - Lillian Ellison, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1923 - Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
• 1924 - Margaret Whiting, American singer
• 1928 - Orson Bean, American film actor
• 1929 - John Barber, British racing driver
• 1932 - Oscar De la Renta, Dominican/American fashion designer
• 1934 - Louise Fletcher, American actress
• 1935 - Tom Cartwright, Former England cricketer (d. 2007)
• 1936 - Tom Robbins, American author
• 1937 - Yasuhiro Kojima, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 1999)
• 1937 - John Price, Former England cricketer
• 1937 - Vasant Ranjane, Former Indian cricketer
• 1938 - Terence Stamp, English actor
• 1939 - Gila Almagor, Israeli actress
• 1940 - Judith Walzer Leavitt, American college professor
• 1940 - Alex Trebek, Canadian game show host
• 1941 - George Clinton, American musician
• 1941 - Ron Turcotte, Canadian jockey
• 1943 - Kay Bailey Hutchison, U.S. Senator from Texas
• 1943 - Bobby Sherman, American singer and actor
• 1944 - Estelle Bennett, American singer (Ronettes)
• 1944 - Rick Davies, British musician (Supertramp)
• 1944 - Dennis Firestone, Australian racing driver
• 1944 - Sparky Lyle, American baseball player
• 1946 - Danny Glover, American actor
• 1946 - Mireille Mathieu, French singer
• 1946 - Paul Schrader, American film director and screenwriter
• 1946 - Stephen M. Wolownik, Russian musician (d. 2000)
• 1947 - Albert Brooks, American comedian
• 1947 - Gilles Duceppe, Canadian politician
• 1947 - Don Henley, American musician (Eagles)
• 1948 - S. E. Hinton, American author
• 1948 - Otto Waalkes, German comedian
• 1949 - Alan Menken, American composer
• 1949 - Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai and PM of UAE
• 1949 - Lasse Virén, Finnish athlete
• 1951 - J. V. Cain, American football player (d. 1979)
• 1953 - Jimmy Bruno, American jazz guitarist
• 1953 - Sylvia Chang, Taiwanese actress
• 1954 - Pierre Lebeau, Canadian actor
• 1954 - Lonette McKee, American actress
• 1954 - Al Di Meola, American guitarist
• 1955 - Willem Dafoe, American actor
• 1955 - Asif Ali Zardari, Pakistani politician, President-elect of Pakistan, widower of Benazir Bhutto
• 1957 - Dave Stieb, American baseball player
• 1958 - David Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1984)
• 1958 - Tatsunori Hara, Japanese professional-baseball player and coach
• 1960 - Jon Oliva, American musician (Savatage)
• 1961 - Calvin Fish, English racing driver
• 1961 - Keith Sweat, American singer
• 1962 - Steve Albini, American writer, recording engineer and musician (Big Black, Rapeman, Shellac)
• 1962 - Martine St. Clair, Canadian singer
• 1963 - Emilio Butragueno, Spanish footballer
• 1963 - Rob Estes, American actor
• 1963 - Emily Saliers, American singer (Indigo Girls)
• 1964 - Rafael Addison, American basketball player
• 1964 - Adam Godley, British actor
• 1964 - John Leguizamo, Colombian actor
• 1964 - Don Van Natta, Jr., American journalist
• 1964 - David Spade, American comedian
• 1965 - Patrick Labyorteaux, American actor
• 1965 - Shawn Michaels, American professional wrestler
• 1966 - Shaun Cohen, South African professional wrestler
• 1966 - Tim Brown, American football player
• 1967 - Lauren Booth, British journalist
• 1967 - Pat Badger, American musician Extreme
• 1968 - Rhys Ifans, Welsh actor
• 1969 - Despina Vandi, Greek singer
• 1970 - Jason Becker, American musician
• 1970 - Craig Baird, New Zealander racing driver
• 1970 - Sergei Zubov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 - Kristine Lilly, American soccer player
• 1972 - Colin Ferguson, Canadian actor
• 1972 - Seth Fisher, American comic book artist and penciller (d.2006)
• 1972 - Keyshawn Johnson, American football player
• 1973 - Ronald Ray Howard, American murderer (d. 2005)
• 1973 - Daniel Jones, Australian musician (Savage Garden)
• 1973 - Mike Sweeney, American baseball player
• 1973 - Rufus Wainwright, Canadian singer
• 1974 - Franka Potente, German actress
• 1974 - Sonija Kwok, Hong Kong actress
• 1977 - Gustavo Nery, Brazilian footballer
• 1978 - Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer
• 1978 - A. J. Cook, Canadian actress
• 1978 - Martyn Lee, English radio presenter
• 1978 - Runako Morton, West Indian cricketer
• 1979 - Lucas Luhr, German racing driver
• 1979 - Yadel Martí, Cuban baseball player
• 1979 - James Mason, British professional wrestler
• 1980 - Scott Dixon, New Zealand racing driver
• 1980 - Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer
• 1980 - Kate Ryan, Belgian singer
• 1980 - Tablo, Korean hip-hop musician (Epik High)
• 1982 - Nuwan Kulasekara, Sri lankan cricketer
• 1983 - Arsenium, Moldovan singer (O-Zone)
• 1983 - Steven Jackson, American football player
• 1983 - Sharni Vinson, Australian actress and model
• 1984 - Stewart Downing, English footballer
• 1984 - Kinzie Kenner, American pornographic actress
• 1985 - Takudzwa Ngwenya, Zimbabwean/American rugby player
• 1985 - Akira Tozawa, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1992 - Selena Gomez, American actress
• 1997 - Field Cate, American actor
• 1998 - Madison Pettis, American actress
• 2002 - Prince Felix of Denmark

Deaths

• 1362 - Louis of Durazzo, Italian soldier (b. 1324)
• 1387 - Franz Ackerman, Flemish statesman (b. 1330)
• 1461 - Charles VII of France (b. 1403)
• 1525 - Richard Wingfield, English diplomat
• 1540 - John Zápolya, King of Hungary
• 1619 - Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian monk (b. 1559)
• 1633 - Trijntje Keever, presumed to have been the tallest woman ever (b.1616)
• 1645 - Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish statesman (b. 1587)
• 1676 - Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
• 1726 - Hugh Drysdale, British Colonial Governor of Virginia
• 1734 - Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England
• 1789 - Joseph-François Foulon, French administrator (b. 1715)
• 1802 - Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist (b. 1771)
• 1826 - Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (b. 1746)
• 1832 - Napoleon II of France (b. 1811)
• 1852 - Auguste Marmont, French marshal (b. 1774)
• 1864 - James B. McPherson, American army general, in the Battle of Atlanta (b. 1828)
• 1869 - John A. Roebling, German-American civil engineer (Brooklyn Bridge), (b. 1806)
• 1902 - Mieczys?aw Halka Ledóchowski, Polish Catholic Cardinal (b. 1822)
• 1903 - Cassius Marcellus Clay, American emancipationist (b. 1810)
• 1904 - Wilson Barrett, English actor (b. 1846)
• 1908 - William Randal Cremer, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1828)
• 1915 - Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827)
• 1916 - James Whitcomb Riley, American author and poet (b. 1849)
• 1918 - Indra Lal Roy, Indian pilot (b. 1898)
• 1920 - William Kissam Vanderbilt, member of the Vanderbilt family (b. 1849)
• 1922 - Jokichi Takamine, Japanese chemist (b. 1854)
• 1932 - Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist (b. 1853)
• 1932 - Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer (b. 1867)
• 1932 - Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor and radio pioneer (b. 1866)
• 1934 - John Dillinger, American bank robber (b. 1903)
• 1950 - William Lyon Mackenzie King, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)
• 1958 - Mikhail Zoshchenko, Russian writer (b. 1895)
• 1967 - Carl Sandburg, American poet (b. 1878)
• 1968 - Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist (b. 1908)
• 1970 - George Johnston, Australian journalist and novelist (b. 1912)
• 1974 - Wayne Morse, U.S. Senator from Oregon (b. 1900)
• 1979 - Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929)
• 1988 - Duane Jones, American actor (b. 1936)
• 1989 - Martti Talvela, Finnish bass (b. 1935)
• 1990 - Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (b. 1932)
• 1992 - Wayne McLaren, portrayed the Marlboro Man (b. 1940)
• 1995 - Harold Larwood, Former England cricketer (b. 1904)
• 1996 - Rob Collins, English musician (The Charlatans) (b. 1956)
• 1998 - Hermann Prey, German bass-baritone (b. 1929)
• 1999 - Gar Samuelson, American musician (Megadeth) (b. 1958)
• 2000 - Eric Christmas, British actor (b. 1916)
• 2000 - Carmen Martín Gaite, Spanish author (b. 1925)
• 2000 - Claude Sautet, French film director (b. 1924)
• 2001 - Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (b. 1909)
• 2003 - Qusay Hussein, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1966)
• 2003 - Uday Hussein, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1964)
• 2003 - Wahome Muthahi, Kenyan humourist (b. 1954)
• 2004 - Sacha Distel, French singer (b. 1933)
• 2004 - George Kidd, Canadian diplomat (b. 1917)
• 2004 - Illinois Jacquet, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1922)
• 2005 - Eugene Record American songwriter and singer (The Chi-Lites) (b. 1940)
• 2005 - Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian electrician killed by Scotland Yard (b. 1978)
• 2006 - José Antonio Delgado, Venezuelan mountain climber (b. 1965)
• 2006 - James E. West, mayor of Spokane, Washington (b. 1950)
• 2007 - Jarrod Cunningham New Zealand rugby player (b. 1968)
• 2007 - Mike Coolbaugh former baseball player and coach (b.1972)
• 2007 - Ulrich Mühe, German actor (b. 1953)
• 2007 - Rollie Stiles, American baseball player (b. 1906)
• 2007 - Laszlo Kovacs, Hungarian-born cinematographer (b. 1933)
• 2008 - Estelle Getty American comedic actress (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances

• Swaziland - Birthday of former King Sobhuza II
• Ratcatcher's Day, commemorates the Pied Piper of Hamelin.
• Pi Approximation Day (22/7 is approximately equal to ?)
• Abd-al-Masih, saint and martyr
• Saint Mary Magdalene [Paris, Bruges]

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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