Events

• 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
• 1333 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill - The final battle of the war.
• 1544 - Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.
• 1545 - The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth.
• 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
• 1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada sighted in the English Channel.
• 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: Five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
• 1760 - The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders.
• 1799 - A group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discover what is now know as The Rosetta Stone, enabling the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time.
• 1843 - Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
• 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up his New Mexico saloon.
• 1908 - Dutch footballclub Feyenoord Rotterdam is founded.
• 1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
• 1919 - Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall.
• 1940 - World War II: Twelve men were promoted Generalfeldmarschall by Adolf Hitler, see List of German Field Marshals.
• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Cape Spada - The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
• 1940 - World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
• 1947 - Burmese nationalist Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members were assassinated.
• 1963 - Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
• 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1967 - A Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727 and a Cessna 310 collided in mid-air over Hendersonville, North Carolina killing 82.
• 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the U.S.-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1983 - The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
• 1985 - The Val di Stava Dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 - United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.

Births

• 1670 - Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
• 1688 - Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• 1744 - Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
• 1759 - Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
• 1789 - John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
• 1800 - Juan José Flores, military and first president of Ecuador (d. 1864)
• 1814 - Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
• 1819 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• 1822 - Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
• 1827 - Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
• 1834 - Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1860 - Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
• 1865 - Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
• 1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1877 - Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1883 - Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
• 1892 - Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1894 - Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
• 1895 - Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
• 1896 - A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
• 1896 - Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
• 1898 - Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1904 - Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, Last Lincoln descendant (d.1985)
• 1912 - Norman Carr, British conservationist (b. 1997)
• 1914 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1917 - William Scranton, American politician
• 1919 - Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
• 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate
• 1922 - Harold Camping, American evangelist, founder of Family Radio
• 1922 - George McGovern, American politician
• 1923 - William A. Rusher, American columnist
• 1924 - Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
• 1924 - Pat Hingle, American actor
• 1925 - Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
• 1926 - Helen Gallagher, American actress
• 1934 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
• 1935 - Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
• 1937 - George Hamilton IV, American country singer
• 1938 - Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
• 1938 - Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
• 1938 - Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1941 - Vikki Carr, American singer
• 1941 - Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU Commissioner for Competition
• 1946 - Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
• 1946 - Ilie N?stase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 - Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
• 1947 - Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
• 1947 - Brian May, English musician (Queen)
• 1948 - Beverly Archer, American actress
• 1948 - Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
• 1949 - Ivar Kants, Australian actor
• 1950 - Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
• 1950 - Freddy Moore, American songwriter
• 1951 - Abel Ferrara, American filmmake
• 1951 - Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
• 1952 - Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
• 1952 - Robert A. Ficano, American politician
• 1952 - John Griesheimer, American politician
• 1954 - Sr?a Trifkovi?, Serbian-American journalist
• 1956 - Nikki Sudden, English musician (d. 2006)
• 1958 - Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler
• 1958 - David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
• 1960 - Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
• 1961 - Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
• 1961 - Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
• 1961 - Campbell Scott, American actor
• 1961 - Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
• 1962 - Anthony Edwards, American actor
• 1963 - Garth Nix, Australian author
• 1964 - André A. Jackson, founder African Diamond Producers Association
• 1964 - Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
• 1965 - Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
• 1966 - Nancy Walls, American actress
• 1966 - David Segui, American baseball player
• 1967 - Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
• 1968 - Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
• 1968 - Jim Norton, American comedian and radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
• 1971 - Russell Allen, American musician (Symphony X)
• 1971 - Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
• 1971 - Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1972 - Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
• 1973 - Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
• 1973 - Saďd Taghmaoui, French actor
• 1973 - Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
• 1974 - Preston Wilson, baseball player
• 1976 - Vinessa Shaw, American actress
• 1977 - Ed Smith, English cricketer
• 1977 - Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler
• 1977 - Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
• 1977 - Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
• 1978 - Nené, Brazilian footballer
• 1979 - Luke Young, English footballer
• 1979 - Rick Ankiel, Baseball pitcher/ outfielder
• 1980 - Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
• 1980 - Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
• 1980 - Mark Webber, American actor
• 1981 - Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
• 1981 - Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
• 1981 - Anderson Luiz de Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 - Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
• 1982 - Jared Padalecki, American actor
• 1982 - Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
• 1982 - Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
• 1984 - Lasse Gjertsen, Norweigan animator
• 1984 - Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
• 1984 - Adam Morrison, American basketball player
• 1984 - Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
• 1990 - Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor

Deaths

• 514 - Pope Symmachus, Italian clergy
• 931 - Uda, Emperor of Japan (b. 867)
• 1374 - Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
• 1415 - Philippa of Lancaster, wife of John I of Portugal (plague) (b. 1359)
• 1543 - Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England
• 1631 - Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
• 1687 - Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
• 1692 - Sarah Good, Puritan accused of being witch during Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
• 1742 - William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
• 1814 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
• 1838 - Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
• 1850 - Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
• 1857 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
• 1868 - Soji Okita, Japanese samurai (b. 1842 or 1844)
• 1896 - Abraham H. Cannon, American Mormon apostle (b. 1859)
• 1913 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
• 1939 - Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
• 1947 - Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
• 1947 - U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
• 1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1972 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (b. 1884)
• 1974 - Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1974 - Erno Schwarz, Hungarian American soccer player (b. 1904)
• 1975 - Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
• 1980 - Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
• 1981 - Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
• 1982 - John Harvey, stage and film actor (b. 1911)
• 1984 - Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
• 1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
• 1989 - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (b. 1913)
• 1990 - Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1998 - Elmer Valo, baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2002 - Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
• 2003 - Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 - Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
• 2004 - Reverend Francis Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
• 2004 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 - John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
• 2005 - Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
• 2006 - Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2007 - Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
• 2007 - A. K. Faezul Huq, Lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)

Holidays and observances

• Myanmar - Burmese Martyrs' Day.
• Saint Arsenius in the Roman Catholic Church
• Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
• Saint Symmachus, pope
• Saint Kirdjun, converted thief and martyr
• Saint Macrina, Sister of St. Basil the Great
• Justa and Rufina

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

af:19 Julie ar:19 ????? an:19 de chulio frp:19 jˇulyčt ast:19 de xunetu az:19 ?yul be:19 ?????? be-x-old:19 ?????? bs:19. juli bg:19 ??? ca:19 de juliol cv:???, 19 ceb:Hulyo 19 cs:19. ?ervenec co:19 di lugliu cy:19 Gorffennaf da:19. juli de:19. Juli et:19. juuli el:19 ??????? es:19 de julio eo:19-a de julio eu:Uztailaren 19 fa:?? ????? fo:19. juli fr:19 juillet fy:19 july fur:19 di Lui ga:19 Iúil gan:7?19? gv:19 Jerrey Souree gd:19 an t-Iuchar gl:19 de xullo ko:7? 19? hr:19. srpnja io:19 di julio ilo:Julio 19 bpy:????? ?? id:19 Juli ia:19 de julio ie:19 juli is:19. júlí it:19 luglio he:19 ????? jv:19 Juli pam:Juliu 19 kn:???? ?? ka:19 ?????? csb:19 lëpinca kk:???????? 19 sw:19 Julai ht:19 jiyč ku:19'ę tîrmehę la:19 Iulii lv:19. j?lijs lb:19. Juli lt:Liepos 19 li:19 juli lmo:19 07 hu:Július 19 mk:19 ???? mr:???? ?? ms:19 Julai nah:Tlachic?nti 19 nl:19 juli nds-nl:19 juli ja:7?19? nap:19 'e luglio no:19. juli nn:19. juli nrm:19 Juilet nov:19 de julie oc:19 de julhet uz:19 iyul pag:July 19 nds:19. Juli pl:19 lipca pt:19 de Julho ksh:19. Juuli ro:19 iulie ru:19 ???? se:Suoidnemánu 19. sco:19 Julie sq:19 Korrik scn:19 di giugnettu simple:July 19 sk:19. júl sl:19. julij sr:19. ??? sh:19.7. su:19 Juli fi:19. heinäkuuta sv:19 juli tl:Hulyo 19 ta:???? 19 tt:19. Yül te:???? 19 th:19 ??????? vi:19 tháng 7 tr:19 Temmuz uk:19 ????? vec:19 de lujo vo:Yulul 19 fiu-vro:19. hainakuu päiv wa:19 di djulete vls:19 juli war:Hulyo 19 zh-yue:7?19? bat-smg:L?ipas 19 zh:7?19?