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Gypsy jazz
Gypsy jazz (also known as "Gypsy Swing") is an idiom often said to have been started by guitarist Jean "Django" Reinhardt in the 1930s.[1] Because its origins are largely in France it is often called by the French name, "Jazz manouche," or alternatively, "manouche jazz," even in English language sources.[2] Django was foremost among a group of Gypsy guitarists working in and around Paris in the 1930s through the 1950s, a group which also included the brothers Pierre "Baro" Ferret, Etienne "Sarane" Ferret, and Jean "Matelo" Ferret and Reinhardt's brother Joseph "Nin-Nin" Reinhardt.[3] Many of the musicians in this style worked in Paris in various popular Musette ensembles. The Musette style waltz remains an important component in the Gypsy jazz repertoire. Reinhardt was noted for combining a dark, chromatic Gypsy flavor with the swing articulation of the period. This combination is critical to this style of jazz. In addition to this his approach continues to form the basis for contemporary Gypsy jazz guitar. Reinhardt's most famous group, the Quintette du Hot Club de France, also brought fame to jazz violinist Stéphane Grappelli. Gypsy jazz, along with traditional Gypsy music, is learned by the passing down of knowledge from older generations. Many Gypsy musicians do not read notated music. It is more common for beginners to spend hours learning and memorizing songs from recordings and gleaning techniques from more experienced players. In Gypsy jazz, guitar and violin are the main solo instruments, although clarinet and accordion are also common. The rhythm guitar is played using a distinct percussive technique, "la pompe", that essentially replaces the drums; however, in Eastern gypsy jazz, rhythm section is most likely covered by one or two cymbaloms, or (less frequently) a cymbalom and an acoustic guitar (the cymbalom accompaniment technique is called in Romanian "?iitur?"). An upright bass fills out the ensembles. Although many instrumental lineups exist, a group including one lead guitar, violin, two rhythm guitars, and bass is often the norm.
Contemporary Gypsy jazz
Robin Nolan (right) performing at the Midwest Midwinter Gypsy Swing Festival in Madison, Wisconsin. France. Other outstanding contemporary Manouche instrumentalists in the Django Reinhardt/Le Jazz Hot Tradition, as heard annually at the Festival de Jazz Django Reinhardt at Samois-sur-Seine, France, include Django's grandson David Reinhardt[5], Dorado Schmitt, Fapy Lafertin, Jimmy Rosenberg, Jon Larsen, Angelo Debarre, Babik Reinhardt, Moreno, Patrick Saussois, Dario Pinelli, Ritary Gaguenetti, Robin Nolan, John Jorgenson, Samson Schmitt, Mandino Reinhardt, Stephane Wrembel, Evan Perri, Biréli Lagrène, and Florin Niculescu. Belgium. Django Reinhardt was born in Liberchies, Belgium and is commerated by a yearly Django Reinhardt Jazz Festival held there. Some modern players such as Fapy Lafertin also hail from Belgium. Netherlands The Netherlands is home to a number of contempoary players such as Lollo Meier and the Rosenberg family (Jimmy, Nou'sche, Nonny and Stochelo). The Fapy Lafertin Quintet and Robin Nolan Trio are based in the Nertherlands Germany. The german gypsy-jazz scene has a rich history with a variety of famous players such as Schnuckenack Reinhardt, Lulu Reinhardt (composer of "lulu swing"), Wawau Adler, Titi Winterstein, Zigeli Winter Quartet,Romeo Franz, Joe Bawelino and many more. Today gypsy-jazz has its share in cultural life in Germany, thanks to the activities of the late Eberhard Tscheuschner, who was the founder of the Djangofestival in Burgthann, the restless Bernhard Gierstl (Djangomemorial) and Norman Ort, who runs the site gypsyguitar.de not only for business reasons, but to keep a music alive. The main events are the annual Djangomemorial Festival in Augsburg (organised by Bernhard Gierstl), the Djangofestival in Burgthann/Nuremberg, the Sinti-Festivals in Hildesheim and Koblenz. Hungary. The Hungarian group, Hot Club of Hungary[6] plays high quality gypsy jazz in the style of Django Reinhardt, Stephane Grappelli, and the Hot Club of France. Spain. Spain is home to guitarist Biel Ballester and Pere Soto's group Django's Castle. United Kingdom. Le QuecumBar, London's world premier Gypsy Swing venue hosts Gypsy Swing concerts featuring some of the world's greatest Gypsy Swing musicians, such as Angelo DeBarre, Ritary Gaguenetti, Gary Potter, John Jorgenson, Moreno, Lollo Meier and many others. Its principal aim is to promote the music of Django Reinhardt and the musicians who play his music today. USA. DjangoFest NW, a celebration of Gypsy Jazz, takes place each September at Whidbey Island Center for the Arts in Langley, Washington, in the USA, which features such performers as the Canadian guitarist Marc Atkinson. Every year, in August, New York's Lincoln Center hosts a Concert at Rose Hall, and the world famous Jazz Club, [7]Birdland, in New York, features a week long Gypsy Jazz concert series in November. See alsoNotesExternal links
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