This article refers to the physical structure of the human body, for the scientific study of the human body, see Human anatomy.

Human body features

The human body is the entire physical structure of a human organism.

The average height of an adult male human is about 1.8 m (6 feet) tall and the adult female about 1.6 to 1.7 m (5 to 5.5 feet) tall. This size is firstly determined by diet and secondly by genes. Body type and body composition are influenced by postnatal factors such as diet and exercise.

The human body consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs.

By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000) cells, the basic unit of life. Groups of cells combine and work in tandem to form tissue, which combines to form organs, which work together to form organ systems.

Systems

The organ systems of the body are: the Musculoskeletal system, the Cardiovascular system, the Digestive system, the Endocrine system, the Integumentary system, the Urinary system, the Lymphatic system, the Immune system, the Respiratory system, the Nervous system, and the Reproductive system.

Musculoskeletal system

Main article: Musculoskeletal system Or, see Muscular system and Skeletal system

The human musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton, made by bones attached to other bones with joints, and skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton by tendons.

Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow.

Cardiovascular system

Main article: Cardiovascular system

The Cardiovascular system comprises the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries. The primary function of the heart is to circulate blood, and through the blood, oxygen and vital minerals, to the tissues and organs that comprise the body. ^[1]

The main organ of the cardiovascular system, the heart, is generally located in the middle of the thorax. The left side (the left ventricle and left atrium) is responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body, while the right side (right ventricle and right atrium pumps only to the lungs.^[2]The heart itself is divided into three layers called the endocardium, myocardium and epicardium, which vary in thickness and function. ^[3]

Bones

An adult skeleton consists of approximately 200 distinct bones:

Spine and vertebral column (26)

Cranium (8)

Face (14)

Hyoid bone, sternum and ribs (26)

Upper extremities (64)

Lower extremities (62)

Additional images

<gallery> Image:Human body features.png|Human body features Image:Human body of female.png|Human body features of female Image:Human body of male (Mikael Häggström).png|Human body features of male </gallery>

References

See also

• Chemical makeup of the human body
• Human anatomy

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