Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)
In human genetics , Haplogroup K (M9) is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup . This haplogroup is a descendant of Haplogroup F (M89). Its major descendant haplogroups are L (M20), M (P256), NO (M214) (plus NO's descendants N and O ), P (M45) (plus P's descendants Q and R ), S (M230), and T (M70). Haplogroups K1, K2, K3 and K4 are found only at low frequency in the Indian subcontinent , Malay Archipelago , Oceania , and Australia .
Origins
It first appeared approximately 40,000 years ago in Iran or southern Central Asia . Today, haplogroup K and its descendant haplogroups are the patrilineal ancestors of most of the people living in the Northern Hemisphere, including most Europeans , Asians , and Native Americans . Other lineages derived from Haplogroup K are found among Melanesian populations , indicating an ancient link between most Eurasians and some populations of Oceania .
Subgroups
The subclades of Haplogroup K with their defining mutation, according to Karafet et al (2008) http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v1 (abbreviated for clarity to a maximum of five steps away from the root of Haplogroup K):
Note The 2008 paper made a number of changes compared to the previous 2006 ISOGG tree . The former subgroups K2 and K5 were renamed Haplogroups T and S ; the old subgroups K1 and K7 were re-assigned as new subgroups M2 and M3 of a redefined Haplogroup M ; and the former subgroups K3, K4 and K6 were renamed to new K1, K2 and K3.
K (M9) Typical of populations of northern Eurasia, eastern Eurasia, Melanesia , and the Americas, with a moderate distribution throughout Southwest Asia , northern Africa, and Oceania
K*
K1 (M147) Found at low frequencies in South Asia
K2 (P60)
K3 (P79) Found in Melanesia
K4 (P261, P263)
L (M11, M20, M22, M61, M185, M295) Typical of populations of Pakistan
M (P256)
NO (M214)
NO*
N (LLY22g, M231)
N*
N1 (M128) Found at a low frequency among Manchu , Sibe , Manchurian Evenks , Koreans , northern Han Chinese , Buyei , and some Turkic peoples of Central Asia
N2 (P43) Typical of Northern Samoyedic peoples ; also found at low to moderate frequency among some other Uralic peoples , Turkic peoples , Mongolic peoples , Tungusic peoples , and Eskimos
N3 (Tat (M46)) Typical of the Sakha and Uralic peoples , with a moderate distribution throughout North Eurasia
O (M175)
O*
O1 (MSY2.2) Typical of Austronesians , southern Han Chinese , and Tai-Kadai peoples
O1*
O1a (M119)
O1a*
O1a1 (M101)
O1a2 (M50, M103, M110) O2 (P31, M268)
O2*
O2a (M95) Typical of Austro-Asiatic peoples, Tai-Kadai peoples, Malays , Indonesians , and Malagasy , with a moderate distribution throughout South Asia , Southeast Asia , East Asia , and Central Asia
O2a*
O2a1 (M88, M111)
O2a2 (M297) O2b (M176/SRY465, P49, 022454)
O2b* Typical of Koreans , with a moderate distribution among populations of Indonesia , Japan , Manchuria , Micronesia , Thailand , and Vietnam
O2b1 (47z) Typical of Japanese and Ryukyuans , with a moderate distribution among Indonesians , Thais , Koreans , and Vietnamese O3 (M122) Typical of populations of East Asia , Southeast Asia , and Austronesian populations of Oceania , with a moderate distribution in Central Asia
P (92R7, M45, M74, (N12), P27)
P*
Q (M242, MEH2, P36)
R (M207 (UTY2), M306 (S1), S4, S8, S9)
S (M230) Typical of populations of the highlands of New Guinea ; also found at lower frequencies in adjacent parts of Indonesia and Melanesia
T (M70, M184, M193, M272) Found in a significant minority of Arabs , Somalis , Ethiopians , Fulbe ; also found at low frequency throughout Southwest Asia , North Africa , Southern Europe , and parts of India
References
External links
ca:Haplogrup K del cromosoma Y humà
cs:Haploskupina K (Y-DNA)
fr:Haplogroupe K (Y-ADN)
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