Gulf of Aden

Commerce and trade in the Gulf

The Gulf of Aden is a vital waterway for shipping, especially for Persian Gulf oil, making it an integral waterway in the world economy.^[1] Approximately 11 percent of the world's seaborne petroleum passes through the Gulf of Aden on its way to the Suez Canal or to regional refineries.^[2] The main ports along the Gulf are Aden in Yemen, and Zeila, Berbera, and Bosaso in Somalia.

In earlier history, the city of Crater, located just east of the modern city of Aden, was an important port in regional trade. Crater was the principal harbor of the pre-Islamic kingdom of Awsan, and after its annexation by the kingdom of Saba at the end of the 5th century, the port of Crater played a significant role in connecting Africa with Arabia.

Hydrography of the Gulf

The temperature of the Gulf of Aden varies between and , depending on the season and the appearance of monsoons. The salinity of the Gulf at depth varies from 35.3 ? along the eastern Somali coast to as high as 37.3 ? in the Gulf's center,^[3] while the oxygen content in the Gulf of Aden at the same depth is typically between 4.0 and 5.0 mL/L.^[4]

Ecology of the Gulf

A geologically young body of water, the Gulf of Aden has a unique biodiversity that contains many varieties of fish, coral, seabirds, and invertebrates. This rich ecological diversity has benefited from a relative lack of pollution during the history of human habitation around the Gulf, but environmental groups fear that the lack of a coordinated effort to control pollution may jeopardize the Gulf's ecosphere.^[5]

Piracy in Somalia and the Gulf

1860 map of Gulf of Aden

On 4 April 2008, pirates commandeered a French luxury yacht in the Gulf of Aden with 34 crew members off the coast of Somalia.^[8]

On 15 September 2008, a Hong Kong chemical tanker was seized by pirates in the gulf off Somalia. The crew of 22 consisted of 18 Indians, two Filipinos, one Bangladeshi and one Russian. As of 17 September 2008, a spokesman for the owner and management of the ship said that negotiations for the release of the ship and crew had yet to begin.^[9]

The most recent attempt at piracy, 4 October 2008, was of a arms ship. Four attempts were foiled by outmaneuvering. ^[10]

Moreover, a number of terrorist attacks have been carried out in the Gulf, including the 2000 attack on the American guided missile destroyer the USS Cole.

Notes

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