The Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine (), or simply known as the Lower Rhine Province () was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and existed from 1815 to 1822.

The province was created after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 where Frederick William II was given the Rhineland and with it the title of Grand Duke of the Lower Rhine. This allowed Prussia to consolidate its Rhineland territories held since 1803, such as the Electorate of Trier, Manderscheid, Malmedy, the previously Free Imperial City of Aachen, most of the Palatinate region, parts of Luxembourg and Limburg, as well as a few other small territories. On 22 April 1816, these territories were combined to form the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, with the provincial capital situated in Koblenz.

On 22 June 1822, by order of the Prussian cabinet, this province was fused with the neighbouring Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg to form the Rhine Province.

de:Provinz Großherzogtum Niederrhein fr:Grand-Duché du Bas-Rhin it:Provincia del Granducato del Basso Reno nl:Groothertogdom Beneden-Rijn