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Gloss
A gloss is a brief summary of a word's meaning, equivalent to the dictionary entry of that word, but only a word or two in length. It is typically used for the meaning of a word in another language, and hence a simple translation. A gloss can often specifically refer to a note made in the margins or between the lines of a book, in which the meaning of the text in its original language is explained. As such, glosses can vary in thoroughness and complexity, from simple marginal notations of words one reader found difficult or obscure, to entire interlinear translations of the original text and cross references to similar passages. A collection of glosses is a glossary (though glossary also means simply a collection of specialized terms with their meanings). A collection of medieval legal glosses, made by so called glossators, commenting legal texts, is called an apparatus. The compilation of glosses into glossaries was the beginning of lexicography, and the glossaries so compiled were in fact the first dictionaries.
In theologyGlosses were a primary format used in medieval Biblical theology, and were studied and memorized almost upon their own merit, without regards to the author. Many times a Biblical passage was heavily associated with a particular gloss, whose truth was taken for granted by many theologians. In lawA phenomenon similar to that which occurred in theology also occurred in medieval law: the glosses on Roman law and Canon law created for many subjects standard starting points of reference, a socalled sedes materiae (literally: seat of the matter). In common law countries, the term "judicial gloss" refers to what is considered an authoritative or "official" interpretation of a statute or regulation by a judge.[1] Judicial glosses are often very important in avoiding contradictions between statutes, and determining the constitutionality of various provisions of law. In philology
The Glosas Emilianenses are glosses added to this Latin codex that are now considered the first phrases written in the Castilian language. In linguisticsIn linguistics, a simple gloss in running text is usually indicated in single quotation marks, following the transcription of a foreign word. For example:
A longer or more complex transcription requires an interlinear gloss. This is often placed between a text and its translation when it is important to understand the structure of the language being glossed. A semi-standardized set of parsing conventions and grammatical abbreviations is explained in the Leipzig Glossing Rules. Glossing signed languagesSign languages are typically transcribed word-for-word by means of an English gloss written in all capitals. Prosody is often glossed as superscript English words, with its scope indicated by brackets. Fingerspelling is transcribed directly; this is commonly indicated with either a hash (#WIKI) or by hyphenation (W-I-K-I). In sociologyTalcott Parsons used the word "gloss" to describe how mind constructs reality. We are taught how to "put the world together" by others who subscribe to a consensus reality — which many disciplines, Zen for example, strive to overcome. Studies have shown that our brains "filter" the data coming from our senses. This "filtering" is largely unconsciously created and determined by biology, cultural constructs including language, personal experience, belief systems, etcetera. Different cultures create different glosses. Bibliography
References
cs:Glosa de:Glosse eo:Gloso (leksikologio) fr:Glose gl:Glosa nl:Glos pl:Glosa pt:Glosa ru:?????? sv:Glosa ?????? ? ?????????? ????? Gloss.ua http://www.byk.com/instruments/applications/4_1_US.php Source: Wikipedia | The above article is available under the GNU FDL. | Edit this article
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