Keystone that was probably a part of the forum, kept at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum

The column was originally crowned with a statue of Constantine as Apollo, but a strong gale in 1150 caused the statue and three of the column's upper drums to fall, and a cross was added in its place by the Byzantine emperor Manuel Comnenus (reigned 1143-1180). Otherwise the forum remained nearly intact until the Fourth Crusade in 1203-1204. The city's first Senate House lay on the north side of it. We know from the sources that the square was decorated with a number of antique statues, but it is impossible to determine their exact appearance and location.

The Forum suffered major damage in a fire started by soldiers of the Fourth Crusade in 1203. After the Sack of 1204, the antique statues decorating the Forum were melted down by the Crusaders.

External links

• Byzantium 1200 | Forum of Constantine

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