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Farther Pomerania
Prussian Farther Pomerania in yellow Farther Pomerania or Further Pomerania (; ) is a Pomeranian region roughly stretching from the Oder River in the West to Pomerelia in the East. The region corresponds with the eastern part of the pre-war Prussian Province of Pomerania, yet today it is not an administrative, but a historical region within the West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Voivodeships.
TerminologyFarther Pomerania is the rough English translation of German Hinterpommern, which is literally behind or rear Pomerania. Initially, the term meant areas east of ("behind") Pomerania-Wolgast and was gradually adopted for areas east of Stettin in the 1500s. When the 1648 Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin (1653) divided the Duchy of Pomerania into its Western, Swedish and Eastern Brandenburgian parts, Farther Pomerania was used for the latter - in opposition to Swedish Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern) now including Stettin (Szczecin) and a strip of land east of the Oder River. As this Swedish-Prussian border shifted west several times afterwards, the Oder River was considered the western edge of Farther Pomerania. To the Southeast and East, Farther Pomerania has no distinct border to the Pomerelian region, as the administrative borders between the duchy and later province of Pomerania and its neighbors varied significant over time. In the post-1945 era, Farther Pomerania was affected by the Polish-German border shift. Before, it happened to be the Eastern part of German Pomerania (Pommern, consisting of Hither and Farther Pomerania), yet thereafter it became the Western part of Polish Pomerania (Pomorze, consisting of Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia). As Polish Pomorze has also been in use for Pomerelia, Farther Pomerania is termed Western Pomerania in Poland and roughly represented in today's West Pomeranian Voivodeship, including Szczecin (Stettin) and Wolin (Wollin). However, this term is not being adopted by the Germans, as the German part of Pomerania (Hither Pomerania) is considered to be Western Pomerania, so Farther Pomerania is still in use. TownsMajor towns of Farther Pomerania include:
HistoryAfter the Germanic tribes had left during the migration period, Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia became the settlement area of West Slavic tribes known as Pomeranians. By 992 AD some of the Pomeranians' territory was conquered by Mieszko I, who established a bishopric in Ko?obrzeg that was destroyed only a decade later in a pagan uprising to regain Pomerania's independence. A note in a papal abbey in the 1080s mentiones that lands were gifted in 992 by Mieszko I to the pope (referred to as Dagome iudex, or (according to other sources) to sons of Mieszko I and Oda von Haldensleben. After a result of a military campaign, in 1116, 1119 and 1121 all lands of Pomerania was conquered by Boles?aw III Wrymouth and divided into smaller parts. Pomerelia with Gda?sk (Danzig) as a capital came under Boles?aw III's direct rule, the Duchy of S?upsk (Stolp) and S?awno (Schlawe) with duke Ratibor I and Farther Pomerania with duke Wartislaw I became Polish vassal states. Wartislaw I was able to conquer large territories of Liutizian tribes in the West, the stock of the later Hither Pomerania, and by inviting the missionary Otto of Bamberg managed to Christianize the formerly pagan Pomeranian and Liutizian inhabitants of his realm. Wartislaw I is the first non-legendary member of the Griffin dynasty that ruled Farther Pomerania until 1637, when the last Duke of Pomerania died without descendants. The Grffins ruled Saxony after the 1164 Battle of Verchen and the Holy Roman Empire in 1181. In the course of the German Ostsiedlung, Farther Pomerania was settled with Germans and German law, culture and language was introduced. In contrast to Hither Pomerania, there still were substantial Slavic Pomeranian populations after this period in the East, that kept Slavic tongue and customs and became known as Slovincians (Lutheran) and Kashubs (Roman-Catholic). In 1534 the Dukes of Pomerania joined Protestant Reformation influenced by Johannes Bugenhagen and Pomerania became a Lutheran state. Pomeranian Dukes managed lands on both sides of the Oder river and therefore in different history periods territories were vassal's or real estate of: 
The former Duchy of Pomerania (center) partitioned between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg after the Treaty of Stettin (1653). Swedish Pomerania (West Pomerania) is indicated in blue, Brandenburgian Farther Pomerania (East Pomerania) is shown in orange.
After German vassalization, the region saw a huge influx of German settlers invited by the Pomeranian nobility to found towns and cultivate the countryside. By the 18th century, Farther Pomerania was linguistically:
TimelinesMajority of Farther Pomerania
L?bork and BytówL?bork (Lauenburg) and Bytów (Bütow) had a slightly different history:
See also
de:Hinterpommern es:Pomerania Central nl:Achter-Pommeren no:Hinterpommern nds:Hinnerpommern pl:Pomorze ?rodkowe ro:Pomerania Posterioar? fi:Taka-Pommeri sv:Hinterpommern 
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