Family name affixes are a clue for family name etymology and determining ethnic origin of a person. This is a partial list of affixes.

Prefixes

Dogra

• A- (Romanian) "son of"
• ab (Welsh) "son of"
• antune- (Portuguese) "Anthony"
• ap (Welsh) "son of"
• abu (Arabic) "father of" [Also used in Hebrew prior to 1300 BCE]
• al (Arabic for "the" in names, e.g. al-Razi)
• alt- (German) "old"
• bab- (Polish, Ukrainian, Slovakian, Czech) "woman" especially "old woman"
• bar- (Aramaic, Hebrew) "son of"
• bath-, bat- (Aramaic, Hebrew) "daughter of"
• beau- (French) "beautiful"
• ben- (Aramaic, Hebrew) "son of"
• bin (Arabic) "son of" [Also used in Hebrew prior to 1300 BCE]
• bint (Arabic) "daughter of"
• birch- (English)
• björk-, bjørk- (Swedish, Norwegian) "birch"
• björn-, bjørn- (Swedish, Norwegian) "bear"
• bjur- (Swedish) "beaver"
• Da (Italian) "from"
• De (Dutch) "the"; (French) "of"; (Italian)
• Degli (Italian) "of the". Here the is a masculine plural object starting with either 'sp', 'sc', 'ps', 'z', 'gn' or 'st'.
• Della (Italian) "of the". Here the is a feminine singular object.
• Di (Italian) "son of"; (Spanish)
• Dj- (Slovakian)
• Dos (Portuguese,Spanish,Italian] "From"
• Du (French) "of the". Here, 'the' is a masculine object, as 'de la' would be feminine and 'des' would be plural.
• El (Spanish) ("the")
• Esco- (Spanish) "broom"
• Esch- (Dutch, German) "ash"
• Fleisch- (German) "meat"
• Fitz (Irish, from Norman French) "Son of", from Latin "filius", "son" (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son based on its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings)
• Gott- (German) "God"
• Griff- (Welsh, English)
• Haj or Hadj or Hajj (Persian| ???) "Pilgrim to Mecca"
• ibn (Arabic) another form of "bin" in names, e.g. ibn Sina [Also used in Hebrew prior to 1300 BCE]
• Kauf- (German) "trade" or "barter"
• Koop- (Dutch) "trade" or "barter"
• Mac- (Irish, Scottish) "Son of"
• Mc- (Irish) assumed to be an abbreviation of Mac, but often claimed to be particular to Irish language. Sometimes spelt M^c (with a superscript 'c').
• Mir- (Persian, Azeri, short form of the Arabic word Amir ????) "commander", "prince"
• Naka-?? (Japanese) "middle (child)"
• Nic- (Irish, Scottish) "Daughter of"
• O' - (Irish) "Grandson of", "Descendant of"
• Öz - (Turkish) "Pure"
• pour- (Persian) "son of"
• skog-, skoog- (Norwegian, Swedish) "forest"
• ter (Dutch) "at the"
• Tre (Cornish) "farm of"
• -'Türk (Turkish)
• van (Dutch) "of"
• von (German) "of"

Suffixes

• -'a (typically in female names)
• -'a- (Frisian) "One of the good guys", could be -ma, -stra, -ta. Frisians took the oath of the Free Frisians screaming 'Better dead than a slave' after which they could get their new surnames (see Eala Freya Fresena).
• -'aitis (Lithuanian) "son of"
• -'ait? (Lithuanian) signifies an unmarried female
  • -"aty" Americanized form
• -'aj (Albanian)
• -'ak (Polish, Ukrainian, Belarusian)
• -'ák (Czech, Slovak)
• -'an (Romanian)
• -'anu (Romanian)
• -'á?, -ar (Czech, Slovak)
• -'arz (Polish)
• -'as (Greek, /male/ Lithuanian)
• -'au (Belarusian) equivalent to Russian -ov
• -'auskas (Lithuanian for the Polish -owski, Bielorussian -auski

• -'awan (Urdu)
• -'ba (Abkhazian) "male"
• -'bach, -back (German) "brook"
• -'baum (German) "tree"
• -'bee, -by (English) "homestead"
• -'berg (German, Swedish, Danish) "mountain" or "hill"
• -'bergen (Dutch) "mountain" or "hill"
• -'burn, -burne (English) "brook"
• -'brook (English)
• -'brun, -brunn (German) "spring"
• -'by (Danish, English) "town"

• -'chenko (Ukrainian, Belarusian)
• -'chi (Persian, ??-) attributed to or performing a certain "job"
• -'chian (Persian, ????-) attributed to or performing a certain "job"
• -'chek ((Ukrainian, Belarusian)
  • -'czek (Polish)
  • -'?ek (Czech, Slovak)
• -'chik, -chyk ((Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian)
  • -'?ík (Czech, Slovak)
  • -'czyk (Polish)
• -'chuk (Ukrainian, Belarusian)
  • -'czuk (Polish)
• -'cka (Polish) Feminine equivalent of -cki
• -'cki (Polish) variant of -ski
• -'cký (Czech, Slovak)
• -'?ki (Serbian, Croatian)
• -'cock, -cox (English) "little"
• -'cote, -cott, -cutt (English) "cottage"
• -'craft, -croft (English) "small field"
• -'czak (Polish) another variant of the -czyk, -czek, -czuk series

• -'dale (English) "valley"
• -'don (English) "hill"
• -'dorf (German) "village"
• -'dottir (Icelandic) "daughter of"
• -'dze (Georgian)
• -'dzki (Polish) variant of -ski, -cki

• -'eanu (Romanian)
• -'eau (French) "water"
• -'ec (Czech, Slovak, Polish) equivalent to Russian -ets
• -'ee (See -i)
• -'eff (Russian) (obsolete, copied from German transliteration of -ev)
• -'ek (Czech, Polish, Slovak)
• -'ems (Dutch)
• -'?nas (Lithuanian) "son of"
• -'enko (Ukrainian) "son of"
• -'ens (Dutch)
• -'er (French, German, Turkish "male")
• -'ers (Dutch)
• -'es (Greek, Portuguese, Brazilian)
• -'escu (Romanian)
• -'ets (Russian, Belarusian)
• -'eu (Belarusian) equivalent to Russian -ev
• -'ev (all nationalities of Russia, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Azeri) possessive
• -'eva (Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Azeri) Feminine equivalent of ev
• -'ez (Spanish) (including Spanish-speaking countries) "son of"

• -'fia, -fi (Hungarian) "descendant of" (literally "son of")
• -'ford (English)
• -'fort (French)

• -'gil, (Turkish, "family")
• -'gaard, -gard, -gård (Norwegian, Danish) "farm"
• -'garth (English, Scottish) "orchard"
• -'gate (English)
• -'gren (Swedish, Danish) "branch"

• -'haar (German, Danish) "hair"
• -'han (Turkish) "king, khan"
• -'höven, -hoeven (German) "small garden"

• -'i (Hungarian) "of", "from" (geographically)
• -'i (Persian, Azeri) "descendant of", "attributed to"
• -'ian(ts), -yan(ts), -ents,-ants,-unts,-uni (Armenian) "son/daughter of"
• -'iak (Polish, Polish) "descendant of"
• -'i? (Serbian, Croatian, Bosniak) a diminutive
  • -'evi? (Serbian, Croatian, Bosniak) diminutive possessive), little son of
  • -'ovi? (Serbian, Croatian, Bosniak) diminutive possessive, little son of
    • -'begovi? (Bosniak) (diminutive possessive of a beg, i.e. beg's little son)
• -'i? (Slovenian, Slovak) diminutive
• -'i?ius (Lithuanian) actually Lithuanianized version of the Polish "icz"
• -'icz (Polish)
• -'ides, idas (Greek), "son of"
• -'ik (Czech, Slovak, Polish)
• -'ikh, -ykh (Russian)
• -'in (Russian, Ukrainian)
• -'ina (female equivalent of -in; especially rare for male names, but the suffix alone is an actual female name)
• -'ing (Anglo-Saxon) "place of the people of"
• -'ino (a common suffix for male Latino and Italian names)
• -'ipa (Abkhazian) "son of"
• -'ipha (Abkhazian) "girl of"
• -'is (Greek, /male/ Lithuanian)
  • -'ien? (Lithuanian) female version
  • -'yt? (Lithuanian) unmarried female version
• -'ishin (Ukrainian) possessive (e.g. Romanishin = son of wife of Roman)
  • -'ishina (female equivalent of -ishin)
• -'iu (Romanian)
• -'ius (Lithuanian) "son of"
• -'iv (Ukrainian) possessive

• -'j (Adygean)"old"

• -'ka (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Belarusian) diminutive
• -'kawa, -gawa ? (Japanese) "river"
• -'kin, -kins, -ken (English) "little"
• -'ko (Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Czech)
  • -'chenko (Ukrainian)
  • -'nko (Ukrainian)
• -'ko (Adygean) "son" ???
• -'kus (Lithuanian)
• -'kyzy (Kyrgyz) "daughter of"

• -'la, -lä (Finnish), comes to surnames from names of villages and farms
• -'?a, -la (Polish), often comes from verbs in the past tense; in countries where the letter ? is not available, it is replaced by L
• -'lein (German) "small"
• -'ley, -ly (English, Scottish) "wood," or "grove"
• -'li (Turkish, Azeri) "from"
• -'lund (Swedish) "grove"

• -'man (English) "servant of," (Turkish) "male person"
• -'mann (German) "servant of"
• -'mand (Persian, ???-) owning or showing
• -'maz (Turkish) "does not" (e.g. "Y?lmaz = Yields not")
• -'men (Turkish) "male person"
• -'mont, -monte (French) "mountain" or "hill"

• -'nd (French)
• -'n?, -te /female/ (Lithuanian)
• -'nen (Finnish) diminutive, "from"
• -'nko (Ukrainian)
• -'nova, -novas (Italian, Spanish) "new"
• -'novo (Spanish) "new"
• -'ný (Czech, Slovak) adjective
• -'ny (Polish) adjective
• -'nezhad, -nejad (Persian, ????) "descendant of"
• -'nyi (Hungarian)

• -'o (typically in male names)
• -'off (Russian) (obsolete, copied from German transliteration of -ov)
• -'o?lu (Azeri, Turkish) "son of"
• -'ok (Belarusian, Czech)
• -'oi, -oy (Russian) sometimes transliterated as -oj
• -'onis (Lithuanian) "son of"
• -'os (Greek)
  • -'opoulos, -opulos (Greek)
• -'osz, -o? (Polish, Czech, Slovak)
• -'ou (Greek)
• -'ou (Belarusian) equivalent to Russian -ov
• -'ov (Bulgarian, Russian (all nationalities of Russia), Serbian, Azeri) (possessive)
• -'ova (Bulgarian, Russian, Azeri) Feminine equivalent of -ov
• -'ová (Czech) suffix attached to all Czech female surnames
• -'ow (Prussian, though found in predominantly German names, it is pronounced like English "ow" not like the German "ov")

• -'pern, -perin (German) "spring"
• -'pour, -poor (Persian) "son of"

• -'quist (Swedish) "twig"

• -'ridge, -redge, -rigg (English)
• -'rd (French)
• -'rud (Norwegian) "clearing"

• -'s /male/ (Latvian)
• -'s /male/ (Lithuanian)
• -'schmidt, -schmitt, -schmid, -schmit (German) "smith"
• -'sen (Danish, Norwegian, Dutch or Low German) "son of"
  • -'ssen (Dutch or Low German) "son of"
• -'shvili (Georgian)
• -'shyn (Ukrainian)
• -'ski (Polish, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian. Also Russian but more often transliterated as -sky), "estate of"
  • -'ska (Polish, Macedonian, Ukrainian) Feminine equivalent of -ski
  • -'skaya (Russian) Feminine equivalent of -sky
  • -'skyi, -skiy (Ukrainian)
  • -'sky (Russian)
  • -'ský (Czech, Slovak)
• -'smith (English)
• -'son (English, Swedish) "son of"
  • -'sson (Swedish, Icelandic) "son of"
• -'stad (Norwegian, Swedish, Danish) "town, place"
• -'stein (German) "stone"
• -'sten (Norwegian, Danish) "stone"
• -'stern (German) "star"
• -'strom (German, Danish, Swedish) "stream"

• -'tæ (Ossetian) "belong to"
• -'tabar (Persian) "descendant of"
• -'thwait (Anglicized from the Danish) "meadow, clearing" introduced into British Isles by Vikings between 800 and 1066 AD
• -'to, -t?, -do, -d? ? (Japanese) "wisteria"
• -'ton, -ten, -tone (English) "town," "place" or "village"
• -'tzki, tzky (Polish) - phonetic Germanized spelling of original Polish -cki
• -'Türk (Turkish)

• -'uk (Ukrainian, Belarusian)
• -'ulea (Romanian) "son of"
• -'ulis (Lithuanian)
• -'?nas (Lithuanian) "son of"
• -'uulu (Kyrgyz, it is pronounced in English "oo-loo") "son of"

• -'velt (Dutch) "farm" or "field"
• -'verde (Spanish) "green"
• -'vich (Russian, occasionally a respelling of original Serbian, Croatian -vi?) "son of"
  • -'vych (Ukrainian)
  • -'wicz (Polish)
  • -'vi? (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian)
  • -'vi? (Slovenian, Slovak)
  • -'vitz, -witz, -witch (Germanized or Anglicized respellings)
• -'vi?ius (Lithuanian)
• -'vi?iut? (Lithuanian)
• -'vili (Georgian)

• -'white, -waite (English) "clearing"
• -'wood (English)
• -'worth (English) "homestead"
• -'wright (English) "maker of"

• -'y (See -i)
• -'ycz (Polish)
• -'yk (Polish)
• -'ynas (Lithuanian) "son of"
• -'ysz (Polish)

• -'zadeh, -zada (Persian, Azeri, ????) "son of", "descendant of"
• -'zadegan (Persian, ??????-) plural form of zadeh

See also

• List of most common surnames
• Patronymic
• Family name etymology
• Names in world cultures
• Tussenvoegsel (Dutch prefixes)

nl:tussenvoegsel