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Ein Hod
Studio of Marcel Janco in Ein Hod The village is situated on a hillside amidst olive groves, with a view of the Mediterranean Sea and a twelfth-century Crusader fortress. Prior to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War Ein Hod was the site of the Arab village of Ein Hawd. Most of the Arab inhabitants were displaced as a result of the war but some remained in the area and settled nearby, forming a new village, also by the name of Ein Hawd. After a failed attempt to create a moshav on the site, Ein Hod became an artists' colony in 1953.
HistoryEarly historyExcavations in the Carmel region indicate that human settlement in the area dates back over 150,000 years. The village was one of the "Al-Hija" villages named after Emir Hussam al-Din Abu al-Hija.[1]Abu al-Hija ("the Daring") was an Iraqi-born commander of the Kurdish forces that took part in Sultan Saladinīs conquest (1187-93) of the Crusader Kingdom. He was renowned for his bravery, and commanded the garrison of Acre at the time of the Siege of Acre (1189-1192).[1] Abu al-Hija returned to Iraq, but several members of his family remained in the country on orders from Saladin and settled in the Carmel region, in the Lower, Eastern and Western Galilee, and the Hebron Highlands.[1] One of the villages they established was Ein Hawd. Other al-Hija villages were Hadatha and Sirin in the Lower Galilee, Ruweis and Kawkab in the Western Galilee. The residents today claim to be blood relations of al-Hija but this is solely based on tradition.[1] Post-1948The 700-900 Arab residents of Ein Hawd fled the village before the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, many of them settling in the Jenin refugee camp. After being released from an Israeli prisoner of war camp a group of 35, members of the Abu al-Hija family, refused to leave the area and settled on the village lands.[1] They established a new village, also called Ein Hawd, a little way up the hill. Attempts to dislodge them did not succeed, and they were eventually granted Israeli citizenship.[1][2] Initially, the new village was not recognized, but in 1988 it joined the Association of Unrecognized Arab Villages in Israel and was recognized by the state in 1992.[3] In 2005, Ein Hawd achieved full recognition, including connection to the Israeli electric grid.[2] MoshavIn July 1949 the Moshavim Movement settled immigrants from Tunisia and Algeria in the abandoned village, renaming the village Ein Hod. The movement allocated instructors to the new settlers as the agricultural endeavour. The short lived re-use of the village as an agricultural concern was abandoned and the village remained deserted for a further year and a half.[1] Artists' colony
Marcel Janco TodayEin Hod is now a communal settlement run by an elected administrative committee.[4] Many Israeli painters, sculptors and musicians live there, and maintain studios and galleries that are open to the public. Efforts have been made to preserve some of the old houses. The village mosque was converted into a restaurant-bar modeled after Cafe Voltaire in Zurich.[5] Culture
The Janco-Dada Museum The Nisco Museum of Mechanical Music in Ein Hod is the first museum in Israel dedicated to antique mechanical instruments.[6] The collection, accumulated over 40 years by Nisan Cohen, contains music boxes, hurdy gurdies, an automatic organ, a reproducing player piano, a collection of 100 year-old manivelles, gramophones, hand-operated automatic pianos and other instruments.[7] Israel Prize winnersTen Ein Hod residents have won the Israel Prize, awarded annually on Israel Independence Day. According to Robert Nechin, who lives in the village, the artists working there today "are fully aware of the illustrious example of these great artists and scholars, who lived and are still living among them.[8] Ein Hod residents who have won the prize are:
Cultural exchange programsThe Dusseldorf-Ein Hod exchange program has brought Dusseldorf artists to Ein Hod and vice versa over the past two decades. A similar program has been inaugurated for artists from New Hampshire. [9] See alsoReferencesExternal links
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