David Packard (September 7, 1912 – March 26, 1996) was a co-founder of Hewlett-Packard (1939). He served as president (1947-1964), CEO (1964-1968), and Chairman of the Board (1964-1968, 1972-1993). From 1969-1971, he served during the Nixon administatration as U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense. Packard was the recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988.

Personal

David Packard was born on September 7, 1912 in Pueblo, Colorado. He earned his B.A. from Stanford University in 1934, then went to work for the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York.

In 1938, he returned from New York to Stanford, where he earned a master's degree in Electrical Engineering in 1939. In the same year, he married Lucile Salter with whom he had four children: David, Nancy, Susan, and Julie. Lucile Salter died in 1987.

Hewlett-Packard

In 1939, Packard and William Hewlett established Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Packard's garage with an initial capital investment of $538. Packard mentions in his book The HP Way that the name Hewlett-Packard was determined by the flip of a coin: HP, rather than PH.^[1] (The HP Way describes HPs' management philosophy, which encourages creativity and shuns traditional business hierarchy and formality.^[2] )

The company, where Packard proved to be an expert administrator and Hewlett provided many technical innovations, grew into the world's largest producer of electronic testing and measurement devices. It also became a major producer of calculators, computers, and laser and ink jet printers.

HP incorporated in 1947, with Packard becoming its first president, serving in that role role until 1964; he was then elected Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, holding these positions through 1968. ^[3] He left HP in 1969 to serve in the Nixon administration until 1971, at which time he returned to HP and was re-elected Chairman of the Board, serving from 1972 to 1993. In 1991, Packard oversaw a major reorganization at HP.^[2] He retired from HP in 1993. At the time of his death in 1996, Packard's stake in the company was worth more than $1 billion.

Defense Department

Upon entering office in 1969, President Richard M. Nixon appointed Packard U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense under Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird. Packard resigned in December 1971^[4] and returned to Hewlett-Packard in 1972 as Chairman of the Board. In the 1970s and 1980s Packard was a prominent advisor to the White House on defense procurement and management.

While serving in the Defense Department, Packard wrote the "Packard Memo" or "Employment of Military Resources in the Event of Civil Disturbances".^[5] Enacted in February 1972, the Act^[6] describes exceptions to the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act (which limit the powers of the federal government to use the U.S. military for law enforcement, except where expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress — noting that the Constitution provides an exception when needed "to prevent loss of life or wanton destruction of property and to restore governmental functioning and public order when sudden and unexpected civil disturbances, disasters, or calamities seriously endanger life and property and disrupt normal governmental functions to such an extent that duly constituted local authorities are unable to control the situations" and "to protect Federal property and Federal governmental functions when the need for protection exists and duly constituted local authorities are unable or decline to provide adequate protection".^[7] § 214.5 states that "employment of DoD military resources for assistance to civil authorities in controlling civil disturbances will normally be predicated upon the issuance of a Presidential Executive order or Presidential directive authorizing", with exceptions "limited to:

1. Cases of sudden and unexpected emergencies as described in §215.4(c)(1)(i), which require that immediate military action be taken.
2. Providing military resources to civil authorities as prescribed in §215.9 of this part."^[8]

According to Lindorff, these exceptions essentially reinstate the possibility of Martial law in the U.S., prohibited since 1878.^[9]

Philanthropy

From the early 1980s until his death in 1996, Packard dedicated much of his time and money to philanthropic projects. Prompted by their daughters Nancy and Julie, in 1978 Dave and Lucile Packard created the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation. The couple eventually donated $55 million to build the new aquarium, which opened in 1984 with Julie Packard as executive director. In 1987, Packard gave $13 million to create the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and the Packard Foundation has since provided about 90% of the Institute's operating budget. For his philanthropic efforts, he was awarded the United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1982.

In 1964, the couple founded the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. In 1986, they donated $40 million towards building what became the Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford University; the new hospital opened in June 1991.

David Packard died on March 26, 1996 at age 83 in Stanford, California.

On his death, his will gave approximately $4 billion to the Packard Foundation, including large amounts of valuable real property in Los Altos Hills. All three Packard daughters sit on the Foundation's board of trustees.

Honors

On October 17, 1988, Packard was presented the nation's highest civilian honor — the Presidential Medal of Freedom — by President Ronald Reagan.^[2] The citation reads:^[10]

On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger inducted the Packard Family into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts. California First Lady Maria Shriver founded the California Hall of Fame "to honor Californians who dared to dream, and have become role models by inspiring new generations to imagine, invent, influence and create".

David Packard also had an oil tanker named for him. The David Packard, built in 1977, was operated for Chevron, had a capacity , and was registered under the Bahamian flag.

See also

• List of wealthiest foundations
• David and Lucile Packard Foundation
• Committee on the Present Danger

Notes

1. ↑
2. ↑ ^{a b c}
3. ↑
4. ↑
5. ↑
6. ↑ Title 32: National Defense — Part 214–Employment of Military Resources in the Event of Civil Disturbances, February 18, 1972.
7. ↑ 32 U.S.C. § 214.4 Legal consideration.
8. ↑ 32 U.S.C. § 214.5 Policies
9. ↑
10. ↑

References

External links

• Includes link to William Hewlett obituary.

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