Canadian Forces Land Force Command
Land Force Command (LFC ) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces .http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_active_troops
Reserve infantrymen train in urban operations circa 2004. Reserve training focuses on real world situations and the needs of the
Regular Force who rely on the Reserves for augmentation on operational deployments.
Primary Reserve , the Army Reserve, which is often referred to informally by its historic name, the "militia". The Chief of Land Staff is Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie .
LFC is the descendant of the Canadian Army which was the name of Canada's land forces from 1940 until February 1 , 1968 . At the time of unification all army units were placed under Mobile Command (MC), later changed to Force Mobile Command (FMC) in 1975 when tactical air units were assigned to newly-created Air Command . The name was changed from FMC to Land Force Command in a 1997 reorganization of the Canadian Forces.
History
Following unification of the three armed services in 1968, Mobile Command became in effect the "Canadian Army" though the term "army" did not find favour until the 1980s when it became once again unofficially used to refer to Canada's land forces, both Regular and Reserve. The early organization of Mobile Command included tactical ground attack fixed and rotary wing aircraft, in addition to ground forces, and was akin to the integrated warfare approach of the United States Marine Corps . In a 1975 reorganization of the Canadian Forces, Air Command was created and all air assets were reassigned to that organization. Mobile Command was renamed Force Mobile Command and became an exclusive ground force. In 1997, Force Mobile Command was officially redesignated Land Force Command of the Canadian Forces.
Army bases and training centres
CFB Edmonton, Alberta (1 CMBG , CTR Wainwright)CFB Suffield, Alberta CFB-TC Shilo, Manitoba LFWA TC Wainwright, Alberta CFB Kingston, Ontario CFB Borden , OntarioCFB Petawawa, Ontario (2 CMBG)LFCATC Meaford , OntarioCFB Montreal , Quebec CFB Valcartier, Quebec (5 CMBG)CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick (CTC)LFAATC Det Aldershot, Kentville Nova Scotia
CFB Trenton, Ontario , Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre (formerly CPC)Four Mile Point Live Firing Range - Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario
Connaught Range and Primary Training Center
Regiments
See:List of units of the Canadian Army
Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and history of the British Army . Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as Battle Honours and Colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. Approximately two thirds of the Regular Force is composed of anglophone units, while one third is francophone .
Regular Force
See:List of units of the Canadian Army
Armoured
Regular Force units include:
Artillery
Canada's regular field artillery has traditionally been called the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. Canada currently has four Regular Force regiments:
Combat engineers
Infantry
Regular Force infantry regiments and battalions of the Canadian Army are:
The Royal Canadian Regiment
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
Royal 22e Régiment
Between 1953 and 1971 , the regular Canadian infantry consisted of seven regiments, each of two battalions (except the Royal 22e Régiment, which had three, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment , which was divided into three "commandos"). The three present regular infantry regiments were augmented by three further regiments each of two battalions:
After 1971, the regular force battalions of the QOR and the Black Watch were dissolved (their Militia battalions remained in Toronto and Montreal, respectively) with their personnel distributed between the RCR and PPCLI, while the Canadian Guards were disbanded. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995.
Reserve Force
See:List of units of the Canadian Army
Structure
Commanders, Mobile Command
Chiefs of Land Staff
Equipment
Vehicles
http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/lf/English/2_5.asp?cat=1
Model
Type
Number
Dates
Builder
Details
Volkswagen /Bombardier Iltis light utility vehicle wheeled
1,900
1985-2004
Volkswagen , Germany optional M101 trailer unit; replaced by G-Wagen
MILCOTS (Milverado) 2500HD - 2003 Silverado Basic model 861 (GM K25943HD)light utility vehicle wheeled
1,061
2003-2004
Chevrolet , replacing the Bombardier Iltis jeeps in non combat use in Canada
G-Wagen 4 × 4 light utility vehicle wheeled
1,159
2004-
Mercedes-Benz , Germany replaced the Iltis light trucks in Afghanistan
Mamba /Nyala landmine-resistant 4×4 armoured personnel carrier
75
2006
BAE Systems Land Systems , United Kingdom /South Africa deployment in Afghanistan
MLVW
medium logistic vehicle, wheeled
2,769
1982
General Motors Corporation /Bombardier , United States/Canada based on M35/M36 series trucks ; procured new trucks to replace them - Oshkosh Truck Corporation MTVR truck
LSVW
light support vehicle, wheeled
2,879
1993-1997
Western Star , Kelowna, British Columbia based on Iveco model 40.10
HLVW
heavy lift vehicle
1,212
1992
Urban Transportation Development Corporation , Canada based on Austria 's Steyr Percheron truck chassis
ROWPU
reverse-osmosis water purification unit
40
1990s
Zenon Environmental Inc, Canada
Cougar AVGP
6 × 6 armoured vehicle (general purpose)
195
1976
General Dynamics Canada /General Motors Diesel Division , United States Armoured fire support variant armed with 76-mm gun; being retired from reserve units and replaced with G-Wagon
Grizzly AVGP
armoured personnel carrier
274
1976
General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division , / Life-extended & relegated to support roles after 2000; 100 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Husky AVGP
armoured recovery
27
1976
General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division , / 5 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Lynx reconnaissance vehicle armoured reconnaissance
174
1968?1993
FMC replaced by Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle
Kodiak
armoured personnel carrier
+100
N/A
Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle (8×8) armoured reconnaissance
203
1996
General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division , / replaced the Lynx reconnaissance vehicle
Bison (8×8) armoured personnel carrier
199
1990
General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division , / TRILS (Tactical Radar Identification and Location System) uses Bison chassis; 74 as Ambulances
60 Mortar vehicles, 35 Recovery vehicles, 16 Mobile Repair Team vehicles, 14 Electronic Warfare vehicles (AERIES)
M113A3/MTVL tracked armoured personnel carrier
1,143
1960s-1991; 2001-2006
FMC , 289 of original 1,143 M113's delivered mid-1960s to early 1990s upgraded to A3/MTVL; remainder declared surplus; used Taurus ARV tank tow vehicle
LAV III 8 × 8 light armoured vehicle
651
1999
General Motors Diesel Division , 313 LAV Infantry Section Carriers, 181 LAV Command Post variants, 33 LAV TOW Under Armour (TUA) variants (Turret equipped with 2 TOW launchers), 47 LAV Forward Observation Officer (FOO) variants, 44 LAV Engineer variants, 33 Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle (MMEV)
ADATS air-defence, antitank system
34
1989
Rheinmetall Defence (formerly Oerlikon Contraves ), on M113 Armored Personnel Carrier platform
Leopard C2 main battle tank
66
1978?
Krauss-Maffei / Rheinmetall Defence , 114 Leopard C1 tanks were upgraded to Leopard C2 in 2000?2001; deployment in Afghanistan
Leopard 2A6M main battle tank
20 (40)
2007?
Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence ,
A squadron of 20 Leopard 2A6M tanks "for deployed operations" were borrowed from the German Bundeswehr for use in Afghanistan for interim use (starting August 2007)[1] Netherlands .[2]
Leopard 2A4 main battle tank
100
2007?
Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence ,
100 Leopard 2A4 tanks "for collective and individual training" are planned to be purchased from the Netherlands in the summer of 2007.[2]
ARV 3 M Buffalo "Büffel" key support vehicles
2 (8)
2007?
Rheinmetall Defence , 2 Leopard 2-based ARVs were purchased from Germany and delivered to Afghanistan in August 2007. Another 6 Leopard 2 are to be converted from the purchased Leopard 2A4's into support variants (armoured recovery vehicles , armoured bridge-laying vehicles and armoured engineering vehicles ) are planned.[2]
AEV Badger "Dachs" armoured engineering vehicle 9
1990
Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK), uses Leopard 1 chassis; armed with 7.62-mm machine gun (coax) C6 ? 7.62-mm machine gun (external mount) 76-mm grenade launcher
AVLB Beaver "Biber" armoured bridge-laying vehicle 9
1978?
Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK), uses Leopard 1 chassis
ARV Taurus armoured recovery vehicle 16
1978-
Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK), uses Leopard 1 chassis
M109 self-propelled howitzer
76
1960s-1980s
United Defense Limited Partnership , Retired mid-2000s -
Bv206 tracked vehicle
78
1983
BAE Systems Hägglunds - Haaglunds, Sweden
CH-146 Griffon tactical utility helicopter
100
1995-1997
Bell Helicopter Textron , Uni/
M151A2 light truck
935
1974-1975
A.M. General Corp , replaced by the Volkswagen Iltis truck in 1984
KMK 2025
crane
N/A
N/A
Krupp,
Solar 220LC-III
Track Excavator
N/A
N/A
Daewoo ,
TRILS
Tactical Radar Identification and Location System
4
1997
General Dynamics Canada /General Motors Diesel Division , /based on Bison (8×8)
M109A4
Self Propelled Howitzer
76
N/A
Bowen McLaughlin-York,
all retired
Galion 850 series Road grader
N/A
N/A
Galion, Ohio,
JSFU Mine clearing system
1?
2000
Aardvark, United Kingdom
deployment in Afghanistan
M-Gator ATV transport and support
N/A
N/A
Deere & Company , deployment in Afghanistan
Cougar (vehicle) H armoured fighting vehicle 6
2007-
Force Protection Inc , United States deployment in Afghanistan
Buffalo (mine protected vehicle) H mine removal system
5
2007-
Force Protection Inc, /
deployment in Afghanistan
Husky mine removal system
5
2007-
DCD Dorbyl , deployment in Afghanistan ; 1 damaged by mine
Actros Armoured Heavy Support Vehicle Systems (AHSVS) 8 x8 armoured heavy support vehicle
86; option for additional 26
on order
Mercedes-Benz , deployment in Afghanistan 2008
Weapons
Model/Type
Number
Dates
Manufacturer
Details
C9 machine-gun N/A
N/A
FN MINIMI ,
C7A1 rifle/C8A1 carbine/C-7A2 rifle N/A
N/A
Diemaco /Colt Canada ,
C6 machine-gun N/A
N/A
FN MAG ,
Browning .50 calibre heavy machine-gun N/A
N/A
John M. Browning,
Browning-HP 9 mm pistol N/A
1944
John M. Browning,
Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW) N/A
2000
McMillan Brothers,
C3A1 sniper rifle N/A
N/A
Parker Hale,
being phased out and replaced with the C14 sniper rifle
C14 Timberwolf .338 Lapua sniper rifle
N/A
2005
PGW Defence Technologies Inc.,
Just entering service as the standard sniper rifle of the Canadian Forces
C13 fragmentation grenade N/A
N/A
M203A1 grenade launcher N/A
N/A
TOW anti-tank missile N/A
N/A
M3 Carl Gustav 84mm SRAAW(M) anti-armour platoon gun N/A
N/A
Bofors ,
M72 anti-tank weapon N/A
N/A
Nammo ,
81 mm mortar N/A
N/A
60 mm mortar N/A
N/A
ERYX short-range anti-armour weapon (heavy) 435
1994
MBDA ,
Javelin short-range air defence missile 110
N/A
LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer 28
1997
Giat Industries ,
M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer 6
2008
British Vickers ,
XM982 Excalibur 155mm guided artillery shell N/A
2008
Raytheon /BAE Systems Bofors ,
Skyguard / 35 mm twin-gun low-level air defence 20
1950-1970
Oerlikon ,
C1 close support howitzer N/A
N/A
C3 close support howitzer N/A
N/A
P225, 226 pistol N/A
N/A
SIGARMS ,
Remington 870 shotgun c. 1950 N/A
N/A
Remington Arms ,
Other equipment
Model/Type
Number
Dates
Manufacturer
Details
CG634 Helmet
N/A
1997
CGF Gallet,
replaced M1 Helmet
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Arid Regions uniform N/A
2002
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Temperate Woodland uniform
N/A
2002
Improved Landmine Detection System (ILDS)
N/A
2000s
N/A
Ferret Anti Sniper System
13
2005
MacDonald Dettwiler Corp Richmond, BC a microphone system mounted on the Coyote APC
QuikClot N/A
2007
chemical clotting agent to help clot wounds
hypertonic fluid
N/A
2007
Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), concentrated blood clotting agent
Xaver 800 N/A
2007
Camero Incorporated of Vienna, Virigina microwave radar system - uses radio waves and converter to capture images
Medium Floating Bridge (MFB)
N/A
N/A
N/A
floating bridge
Medium Girder Bridge {MGB}
N/A
N/A
N/A
light modular bridge
Minelab F1A4
N/A
N/A
N/A
hand held mine detector
NODLR
N/A
N/A
N/A
night vision camera
Track Way
N/A
N/A
N/A
portable road for soft ground conditions
E-One Cyclone
N/A
N/A
N/A
fire pumper
Oshkosk
N/A
N/A
N/A
airport fire tender
Historic equipment (World War II)
Trucks
Armoured carriers and armoured tractors
Tanks
Training tanks
Self-propelled artillery
Engineering vehicles
Artillery
Field artillery
Anti-tank guns
Anti-aircraft guns
Black powder rifles, carbines and pistols
Service rifles and carbines
.303 rifles
Model/Type
Period or Years in Use
Manufacturer/Origins
Martini-Metford - 1894-?
Martini-Enfield
Lee-Metford - 1895-?
Lee-Enfield
Lee Enfield Mk I - 1896-1905
Lee Enfield (SMLE) Mark III - 1916-1943
Lee Enfield Number 4 Mk I - 1943-1955, Still in use with the Canadian Rangers
Ross rifle
Ross Mark I and Ross Mark II - 1905-1913
Ross Mark III - 1913-1916
FN C1 and FN C1A1 -1955-1985
C7 , C7A1 and C7A2- 1985-present
C8 Carbine , C8A1 (Carbine version of the C7 issued to mostly to AFV crews), C8A2 - ? -present
C3A1 sniper rifle - 1970s-present
.338 Cal Medium Range Sniper Rifle - ? - present
12.7mm McMillan Tac-50 Sniper Rifle - ? - present
Service pistols
Approved private purchase and secondary side-arms
Model/Type
Period or Years in Use
Manufacturer/Origins
Webley Mark VI Revolver
Enfield No. 2 MkI Revolver
Colt Police Positive - 1941-present
Colt Model 1911A1 - 1942-1945
Submachine guns
Machine guns, light machine guns and miscellaneous weapons
Infantry anti-tank weapons
Grenades, mines and other explosives
Infantry mortars
Bayonets and combat knives
Model/Type
Period or Years in Use
Manufacturer/Origins
Pattern 1888 Bayonet
Pattern 1907 Bayonet
Pattern 1913 Bayonet
Ross Bayonet
No. 4 Rifle Bayonets
Mk I Spike Bayonet
Mk II Spike Bayone
Mk III Spike Bayonet
No. 5 Mk II Knife Bayonet
No. 7 Knife Bayonet
No. 9 Socket Knife Bayonet
C1 Bayonet
Nella C7 Bayonet
Combat knives
Ammunition
Uniforms, load bearing and protective equipment
Uniforms
See also: Battledress , Uniforms of the Canadian Forces
Load bearing equipment
Model/Type
Period or Years in Use
Manufacturer/Origins
Oliver Pattern Equipment 1898-19??
1903 Pattern Bandolier Equipment
1937 Pattern Web Equipment
1942 Battle Jerkin
1951 Pattern Web Equipment
1964 Pattern Web Equipment
1982 Pattern Web Equipment
Tactical Vest (or just known as Tac Vest)
2003- Present
Head dress
Protective equipment
Model/Type
Period or Years in Use
Manufacturer/Origins
Fragmentation Protection Vest
Rank structure
Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and insignia of NATO . Not shown are the various appointment badges for specialist positions such as master gunner, drum major, etc. Many ranks are associated with specific appointments; for example a regimental sergeant major is usually a chief warrant officer. The title of master corporal also, technically, refers to an appointment and not a rank. Some ranks may have different names depending on the customary tradition of certain army corps, and may not appear here.
1 Honorary/War time rank.
Battles involving the Canadian army
The Canadian Army has participated in the following campaigns as a combatant:
Publications
Notes
↑ Background ? CF Leased & Purchased Leopard 2A6M/2A4 Tanks , at CASR↑ a b c Renewing the Canadian Forces' Tank Capability , April 12 , 2007 References
See also
External links
Wikipedia | The above article is available under the GNU FDL. | Edit this article
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