A woman giving birth on a birth chair, circa 1515

Two words used to describe human offspring while in utero are embryo and fetus. Their meanings refer to earlier and later stages of development.

Medical meanings

• Childbirth is the process at the end of a human pregnancy that results in a baby being born.
• Natural childbirth is the technique of minimizing medical intervention, particularly anaesthetics, during childbirth.
• Unassisted childbirth (UC) is birth without the aid of medical or professional birth attendants. Also known as Freebirth
• Multiple birth is the birth of two (twins), three (triplets), four (quadruplets), etc., babies resulting from a single pregnancy.
• Birth canal is the term used for the vagina during birth, as it is the route through which the infant passes during a vaginal birth.
• Caesarean section or C-Section is surgical birth through the wall of the abdomen.
• Birth pangs are the pains felt by the mother during labour, resulting from contractions of the uterus and pressure on nerves and organs.
• Lotus Birth is the practice of leaving the umbilical cord uncut after birth so that the baby is left attached to its placenta until the cord naturally separates
• Afterbirth is the delivery of the placenta following the delivery of the infant.
• Birth control methods are devices, medications or behavior patterns to reduce the probability of pregnancy.

Newborn after typical hospital birth

Complications

• Infertility treatments are devices, medications, or behavior patterns to increase the probability of pregnancy.
• Premature birth is the birth of an infant before the full term of pregnancy.
• Birth defect is a physical or mental abnormality present at the time of birth.
• Stillbirth is the birth of a dead fetus or infant.
• Birth trauma is a theory in Pre & Perinatal psychology and natural medicine that the baby experiences extreme pain during the birthing process and that this pain influences the child later in life.
• VBAC is a Vaginal Birth after a Caesarean Birth.
• Miscarriage is the natural or spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the prenate is incapable of surviving, generally defined in humans at prior to 20 weeks of gestation.

Legal meanings

• Birthday is a day to celebrate that the person has lived a certain number of years. It is an annual event based either on the anniversary of a person's date of birth, or on astrological birthtime calculations.
• Birth certificate is a legal document describing details of a person's birth.
• A nuclear family comprising the father, mother, brother or sister, is an institution where the members are related by birth.
• In some countries a person is considered of illegitimate birth if the child is born of parents not legally married to each other.

Spiritual meanings

Mother and child reunion, immediately after birth

• Astrology is based upon the belief that an individual's life is influenced by the geocentric positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets in the sky or below the horizon at the moment of birth; a natal chart is calculated using the exact time, date, and place of birth in order to try and interpret these cyclical influences on a person's life.
• Virgin Birth of Jesus is the Christian doctrine that asserts that Jesus Christ was born to a virgin, and thus that His conception was carried out without an earthly father.
• Born again, a term used primarily in Protestant Christianity, is associated with salvation, conversion, and spiritual rebirth.
• Rebirth is a belief that a person is born again after their death based on the karma of their previous births.

Metaphorical meanings

The term birth is used metaphorically to refer to a beginning, especially of a natural phenomenon, one that is impressive in its scope or complexity, or one that is viewed favorably.

• Stellar evolution is the field of study that deals with the birth of stars and their lifecycles.

See also

• Childbirth
• Death
• Fertilisation
• Home birth
• List of oldest birth mothers
• Storks

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