August 23
Events
79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
1305 - William Wallace , Scottish patriot, is executed for high treason by Edward I of England .
1328 - Battle of Cassel : French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.
1514 - Battle of Chaldiran ended with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I , Ottoman Empire , over the Shah Ismail I , Safavids founder.
1541 - French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada .
1555 - Calvinists are granted rights in the Netherlands .
1595 - Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Calugareni .
1708 - Meidingnu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur .
1775 - King George III declares that the American colonies exist in a state of open and avowed rebellion.
1784 - Western North Carolina (now eastern Tennessee ) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin ; it wasn?t accepted into the United States , and only lasted for four years.
1793 - French Revolution : a levée en masse was decreed by the National Convention .
1799 - Napoleon leaves Egypt for France en route to seize power.
1813 - At the Battle of Grossbeeren , the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.
1839 - The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares to war with Qing China . The ensuing 3-year conflict will later be known as the First Opium War .
1864 - The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan , Alabama , thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico .
1866 - Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague .
1896 - First Cry of the Philippine Revolution is made in Pugad Lawin (Quezon City ), in the province of Manila .
1904 - The automobile tire chain is patented.
1914 - World War I : Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao , China .
1914 - World War I: the Battle of Mons ; the British Army begins withdrawal.
1923 - Capt. Lowell Smith and Lt. John P. Richter performed the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B , setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours.
1927 - Sacco and Vanzetti are executed.
1929 - Hebron Massacre : Arab attack of the Jewish community in the British Mandate of Palestine resulted in 133 Jews killed, 67 in Hebron .
1939 - World War II : Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression treaty, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact . In a secret addition to the pact, the Baltic states , Finland , Romania , and Poland are divided between the two nations.
1942 - World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad .
1942 - World War II: The last cavalry charge in history takes place at Izbushensky.
1943 - World War II: Kharkov liberated.
1944 - World War II: Marseille liberated.
1944 - World War II King Michael of Romania dismisses the pro-Nazi government of General Antonescu , who is arrested. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies .
1944 - Freckleton Air Disaster - A United States Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into a school in Freckleton , England killing 61 people.
1946 - Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constitutes the German Land (state) of Schleswig-Holstein .
1948 - World Council of Churches is formed.
1952 - The Arab League is formed.
1954 - First flight of the C-130 Hercules transport aircraft.
1958 - Chinese Civil War : The Second Taiwan Strait crisis begins with the People's Liberation Army 's bombardment of Quemoy .
1966 - Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon .
1975 - Successful Communist coup in Laos .
1977 - The Gossamer Condor wins the Kremer prize for human powered flight.
1979 - Soviet dancer Alexander Godunov defects to the United States .
1982 - Bachir Gemayel is elected Lebanese President amidst the raging civil war.
1985 - Hans Tiedge , top counter-spy of West Germany , defects to East Germany .
1989 - Singing Revolution : two million people from Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius -Tallinn road, holding hands (Baltic Way ).
1989 - All of Australia 's 1,645 domestic airline pilots resign after the airlines threaten to fire them and sue them over a dispute.
1990 - Saddam Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western "guests" (actually hostages) to try to prevent the Gulf War .
1990 - Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union .
1990 - West Germany and East Germany announce that they will unite on October 3 .
1996 - Osama bin Laden issues message entitled 'A declaration of war against the Americans occupying the land of the two holy places.'
2000 - A Gulf Air Airbus A320 crashes into the Persian Gulf near Manama, Bahrain , killing 143.
2000 - Nicaragua becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty . This essentially deprecated the Buenos Aires Convention treaty, because as of this date, all members of the BA Convention were also signatories to Berne .
2005 - TANS Peru Flight 204 crashes near Pucallpa , Peru , killing 41.
2006 - Natascha Kampusch , who was abducted at the age of 10, managed to escape from her captor Wolfgang Priklopil , after 8 years of captivity.
Births
686 - Charles Martel , grandfather of Charlemagne (d. 741 )
1486 - Sigismund von Herberstein , Austrian diplomat and historian (d. 1566 )
1524 - François Hotman , French lawyer and writer (d. 1590 )
1623 - Stanis?aw Lubieniecki , Polish astronomer (d. 1675 )
1724 - Abraham Yates , American Continental Congressman (d. 1796 )
1741 - Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse , French explorer (d. 1788 )
1754 - King Louis XVI of France (d. 1793 )
1769 - Georges Cuvier , French biologist and statesman (d. 1832 )
1783 - William Tierney Clark , English civil engineer (d. 1852 )
1785 - Oliver Hazard Perry , U.S. naval officer (d. 1819 )
1805 - Anton von Schmerling , Austrian statesman (d. 1893 )
1814 - James Roosevelt Bayley , first Bishop of Newark, New Jersey , and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (d. 1877 )
1829 - Moritz Cantor , German mathematician (d. 1920 )
1836 - Marie Henriette of Austria , Queen of the Belgians (d. 1902 )
1843 - William Southam , Canadian newspaper publisher (d. 1932 )
1846 - Alexander Milne Calder , American sculptor (d. 1923 )
1847 - Sarah Frances Whiting , American physicist and astronomer (d. 1927 )
1849 - William Ernest Henley , British poet, critic, and editor (d. 1903 )
1852 - Arnold Toynbee , English economist and social reformer (d. 1883 )
1852 - Clímaco Calderón , President of Colombia . (d. 1913 )
1854 - Moritz Moszkowski , Polish/German composer (d. 1925 )
1864 - Eleftherios Venizelos , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1936 )
1868 - Edgar Lee Masters , American author (d. 1950 )
1875 - William Eccles , English radio pioneer (d. 1966 )
1875 - Eugene Lanceray , Russian artist (d. 1946 )
1880 - Alexander Grin , Russian writer (d. 1932 )
1883 - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV , U.S. general (d. 1953 )
1884 - Will Cuppy , American humorist (d. 1949 )
1884 - Ogden L. Mills , U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1927-1932 (d. 1937 )
1900 - Ernst Krenek , Austrian-born composer (d. 1991 )
1900 - Malvina Reynolds , American folk singer/songwriter (d. 1978 )
1901 - John Sherman Cooper , U.S. Senator from Kentucky (d. 1991 )
1903 - William Primrose , Scottish violist (d. 1982 )
1905 - Constant Lambert , British composer (d. 1951 )
1908 - Hannah Frank , Scottish Artist and Sculptor
1909 - Syd Buller , England First Class Cricketer and English test umpire (d. 1970 )
1910 - Giuseppe Meazza , Italian footballer (d. 1979 )
1911 - Birger Ruud , Norwegian athlete (d. 1998 )
1912 - Gene Kelly , American dancer and actor (d. 1996 )
1917 - Tex Williams , American singer (d. 1985 )
1919 - Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin , Russian mathematician (d. 1984 )
1921 - Kenneth Arrow , American economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner
1921 - Sam Cook , England cricketer (d. 1996 )
1922 - George Kell , baseball player
1922 - Jean Darling , American child actress
1922 - Pierre Gauvreau , Quebec painter, television writer and producer
1923 - Edgar F. Codd , English computer scientist (d. 2003 )
1924 - Ephraim Kishon , Israeli writer (d. 2005 )
1924 - Robert Solow , American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
1925 - Robert Mulligan , American movie and television director
1926 - Clifford Geertz , American anthropologist, (d. 2006 )
1927 - Dick Bruna , Dutch illustrator
1928 - Marian Seldes , American actress
1929 - Vera Miles , American actress
1930 - Michel Rocard , Prime Minister of France
1931 - Hamilton O. Smith , American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1932 - Houari Boumedienne , President of Algeria (d. 1978 )
1932 - Mark Russell , American comedian, musician, and political commentator
1933 - Robert Curl , American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1933 - Pete Wilson , Governor of California
1934 - Barbara Eden , American actress and singer
1934 - Sonny Jurgensen , American football player
1936 - Henry Lee Lucas , American serial killer (d. 2001 )
1943 - Nelson DeMille , American novelist
1944 - Antonia Novello , former United States Surgeon General
1945 - Rayfield Wright , American football player
1946 - Keith Moon , English musician (The Who ) (d. 1978 )
1947 - Willy Russell , British playwright
1947 - David Robb , British actor
1948 - Andrei Ple?u , Romanian writer, essayist
1948 - Daniel Ruettiger "Rudy", University of Notre Dame football legend
1949 - Katiana Balanika , Greek actress and singer
1949 - Geoff Capes , English Strongman
1949 - Shelley Long , American actress
1949 - Rick Springfield , Australian singer and actor
1951 - Akhmad Kadyrov , President of Chechnya (d. 2004 )
1951 - Queen Noor of Jordan
1951 - Jimi Jamison , American singer (Survivor )
1952 - Vicky Leandros , Greek singer and politician
1953 - Bobby G , British singer (Bucks Fizz )
1954 - Charles Busch , American director, writer, actor and drag queen
1956 - Andreas Floer , German mathematician (d. 1991 )
1956 - Valgerd Svarstad Haugland , Norwegian politician
1956 - Skipp Sudduth , American actor
1957 - Tasos Mitropoulos , Greek footballer and politician
1958 - Julio Franco , Atlanta Braves , oldest regular position player in MLB history
1959 - George Kalovelonis , Greek tennis player
1960 - Rodney Alan Greenblat , American graphic artist
1960 - Chris Potter , Canadian actor
1961 - Dean DeLeo , American musician (Stone Temple Pilots )
1961 - Gary Mabbutt , English footballer
1962 - Martin Cauchon , Canadian politician
1963 - Hans-Henning Fastrich , German field hockey player
1963 - Kenny Wallace , American race car driver
1963 - Park Chan-wook , Korean director and screenwriter
1963 - Richard Illingworth , England cricketer
1964 - Johan Bruyneel , Belgian cyclist
1964 - Kong Hee , Singaporean, Founder and Senior Pastor of the City Harvest movement in Asia
1964 - Yoshikazu Taru , Japanese professional wrestler
1965 - Roger Avary , Canadian-born screenwriter, director, and producer
1966 - Rik Smits , Dutch-American basketball player
1967 - Richard Petrie , New Zealand cricketer
1968 - Chris DiMarco , American golfer
1969 - Keith Tyson , English artist
1969 - Jeremy Schaap , American sportswriter
1969 - Geneviève Brouillette , Quebec television and film actress
1970 - Jay Mohr , American actor and comedian
1970 - River Phoenix , American actor (d. 1993 )
1970 - Lawrence Frank , American head coach
1970 - Brad Mehldau , American pianist
1971 - Demetrio Albertini , Italian footballer
1971 - BoneCrusher , American rapper
1972 - Martin Grainger , English footballer
1972 - Raul Casanova , Puerto Rican baseball player
1972 - Mark Butcher , England cricketer
1973 - Casey Blake , American baseball player
1973 - Kerry Walmsley , New Zealand cricketer
1973 - Malaika Arora Khan , Indian actress and model
1974 - Ray Park , Scottish actor
1974 - Shifty , American musician (Crazy Town )
1974 - Benjamin Limo , Kenyan runner
1974 - Christian Beranek , American graphic novelist and actor
1975 - Eliza Carthy , English singer and fiddler
1975 - Jarkko Ruutu , Finnish ice hockey player
1976 - Scott Caan , American actor
1977 - Douglas Sequeira , Costa Rican footballer
1978 - Kobe Bryant , American basketball player
1978 - Julian Casablancas , American musician
1979 - Edgar Sosa , Mexican boxer
1979 - Ritchie Neville , British musician
1980 - Denny Bautista , Dominican baseball player
1980 - Rex Grossman , American football player
1981 - Ozzy Lusth , American Survivor contestant
1981 - Stephan Loboué , Ivorian footballer
1981 - Carmen Luvana , American pornographic actress.
1981 - Carlos Cuéllar , Spanish footballer
1982 - Natalie Coughlin , American swimmer
1982 - YTCracker , American musician
1982 - Scott Palguta , professional soccer player
1983 - Sun Ming Ming , Chinese basketball player
1984 - Glen Johnson , English footballer
1986 - Neil Cicierega , American cartoonist and musician
1986 - Josh Morris , Australian rugby league player for St. George Illawarra Dragons
1986 - Brett Morris , Australian rugby league player for St. George Illawarra Dragons
1987 - Nikki Gil , Filipina actress, host and singer
1988 - Daniel Schwaab , German footballer
Deaths
93 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola , Roman Governor of Britain (b. 40 )
634 - Abu Bakr , Arabian caliph
1106 - Magnus, Duke of Saxony
1176 - Emperor Rokujo of Japan (b. 1164 )
1305 - William Wallace , Scottish patriot
1387 - King Olav IV of Norway (b. 1370 )
1507 - Jean Molinet , French writer (b. 1435 )
1519 - Philibert Berthelier , Swiss patriot
1540 - Guillaume Budé , French scholar
1591 - Luis Ponce de León , Spanish poet and mystic (b. 1527 )
1618 - Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero , Dutch writer (b. 1585 )
1628 - George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham , English statesman (b. 1592 )
1652 - John Byron, 1st Baron Byron , English royalist politician (b. 1600 )
1706 - Colonel Edward Nott, Esq. , British Crown Governor of Virginia (b. 1654 )
1723 - Increase Mather , New England Puritan minister (b. 1639 )
1806 - Charles Augustin de Coulomb , French physicist (b. 1736 )
1813 - Alexander Wilson , Scottish-born ornithologist (b. 1766 )
1819 - Oliver Hazard Perry , American naval officer (b. 1785 )
1853 - Alexander Calder , first mayor of Beaumont, Texas (b. 1806 )
1867 - Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy , French poet (b. 1796 )
1892 - Deodoro da Fonseca , 1st President of Brazil (b. 1827 )
1926 - Rudolph Valentino , Italian actor (b. 1895 )
1927 - Nicola Sacco , Italian anarchist (b. 1891 )
1927 - Bartolomeo Vanzetti , Italian anarchist (b. 1888 )
1937 - Albert Roussel , French composer (b. 1869 )
1955 - Reginald Tate , British actor (b. 1896 )
1960 - Oscar Hammerstein II , American lyricist (b. 1895 )
1962 - Walter Anderson , German folklorist (b. 1885 )
1962 - Hoot Gibson , American actor (b. 1892 )
1963 - Glen Gray , American jazz musician and leader of the Casa Loma Orchestra (b. 1900 )
1966 - Francis X. Bushman , American actor (b. 1883 )
1967 - Georges Berger , Belgian racing driver (b. 1918 )
1971 - The original Shamu , Sea World orca
1974 - Roberto Assagioli , Italian psychiatrist (b. 1888 )
1982 - Stanford Moore , American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913 )
1987 - Didier Pironi , French racing car driver (b. 1952 )
1989 - Mohammed Abed Elhai , Sudanese writer and academic (b. 1944 )
1989 - R. D. Laing , Scottish psychiatrist (b. 1927 )
1990 - David Rose , American composer and orchestra leader (b. 1910 )
1995 - Dwayne Goettel , Canadian musician (Skinny Puppy )(b. 1964 )
1997 - John Kendrew , British molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1917 )
1999 - Norman Wexler , American screenwriter (b.1926 )
1999 - James White , Northern Irish writer (b. 1928 )
2000 - John Anthony Kaiser , Roman Catholic priest (b. 1932 )
2001 - Kathleen Freeman , American actress (b. 1919 )
2001 - Peter Maas , American novelist (b. 1929 )
2002 - Hoyt Wilhelm , American baseball player (b. 1922 )
2003 - Bobby Bonds , American baseball player and manager (b. 1946 )
2003 - Jack Dyer , Australian rules footballer (b. 1913 )
2003 - John Geoghan , American Catholic priest (b. 1935 )
2005 - Brock Peters , American actor (b. 1927 )
2005 - Ninjalicious , Canadian author and urban explorer (b. 1973 )
2006 - Maynard Ferguson , Canadian jazz trumpeter and bandleader (b. 1928 )
2007 - Robert Symonds , American actor (b. 1926 )
2008 - John Russell , British-born American art critic and author (b. 1919 )
Holidays and observances
External links
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