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Athlone
Athlone ()[1] is a town that lies on the River Shannon near the southern extremity of Lough Ree, Ireland.
IntroductionAthlone is the largest[2] town in central Ireland and also the commercial capital of the Irish midlandshttp://www.idaireland.com/home/index.aspx?id=226, and is located close to the geographical centre of Ireland, on the border of two counties, Roscommon and Westmeath, which are in the provinces of Connacht and Leinster respectively. The current population of 19,387 is based on the preliminary 2006 Census Report: Athlone Urban 6,970 Athlone East Rural 6,804 Athlone West Rural 3,114 Moydrum 2,499http://www.census.ie/census/documents/2006PreliminaryReport.pdf The town is governed by an elected town council which elects a Mayor. Although the River Shannon which runs through the town forms the historic border between County Roscommon and County Westmeath, the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 included much of the town entirely in Westmeath, including areas west of the river. Much recent growth has been outside the official town boundaries. Monksland, a suburb on the west side of the town is not within the town boundaries, yet is the most populous area of County Roscommon. HistoryAt the heart of Athlone, both geographically and historically, is the castle. The ford of Athlone was strategically important, as south of Athlone the Shannon is impassable until Clonmacnoise (where the Esker Riada meets the Shannon), and north is Lough Ree. In 1001 Brian Bóru led his army from Kincora into the town, his fleet sailing up the river via Lough Derg to attend a gathering. A bridge was built across the river in the 12th century, approximately 100 metres south of the current bridge. To protect this a fort was constructed on the west bank in the town by Turloch Mór Ó Conor. On a number of occasions both the fort and bridge were subject to attacks, and towards the end of the 12th century the Anglo-Normans constructed a motte-and-bailey fortification here. This was superseded by a stone structure built in 1210 by Justiciar John Gray. The 12-sided donjon dates from this time. The rest of the castle was largely destroyed during the Siege of Athlone and subsequently rebuilt and enlarged. During the wars that racked Ireland in the seventeenth century, Athlone held a vital position, holding the main bridge over the River Shannon into Connacht. In the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1653), the town was held by Irish Confederate troops until it was taken late in 1650 by Charles Coote, who attacked the town from the west, having crossed into Connacht at Sligo. Forty years later, during the Williamite war in Ireland, the town was again of central strategic importance, being one of the Jacobite strongholds on the defending their position after they had retreated west after the battle of the Boyne. At the first battle of Athlone in 1690 the Jacobite forces of Colonel Richard Grace repelled an attack by 10,000 men lead by Commander Douglas. The following year the Siege of Athlone saw a further assault in which the troops of King William III eventually prevailed against the outnumbered defenders. It was proposed in the Éire Nua programme to make Athlone the capital city of Ireland. 
Remains of the abbey at Athlone. Music, theatre and cultureThere are three theatres in Athlone, The Dean Crowe Theatre and Arts Centre ,The Little Theatre, and Passionfruit Theatre Company http://www.passionfruittheatre.com The RTÉ All-Ireland Drama Festival takes place annually in Athlone, and brings together 9 amateur drama groups from across Ireland. The festival is supported by an active fringe which involves street theatre, art exhibitions, workshops and events for young people. Count John McCormack was born in Athlone and an annual festival celebrates this world-renowned tenor. The Athlone School of Music opened in October 2005, and is a grant aided project aimed at developing music education and services in the Midlands region. TransportGiven its central location, Athlone is a natural hub for transport. Bus and rail schedules are frequent. Athlone is situated on the main Galway to Dublin rail line and the Dublin to Westport/Ballina line. Athlone railway station opened on 3 October 1859.[3] Bus Eireann, the national bus operator, operates from beside the train station and covers most towns and cities in the country including an hourly service to Dublin and Galway. Other private operators also provide services to some towns and cities. There is a town bus service operated by Bus Éireann, as well as other privately operated services most notably the Flagline bus company. Taxi service is widely available throughout the area. The town is situated on the N6 road connecting Galway to Dublin with various smaller roads connecting from other areas. Tourism and amenities
St Peter and Paul's Church (Roman Catholic) on the west bank of the River Shannon Athlone is the main retail centre in the Midlands, and Golden Island Shopping Centre attracts shoppers from a wide radius. There was also the smaller Texas Shopping Centre (formerly known as Athlone Shopping Centre, prior to being acquired by the Texas department store chain). Another large scale development opened on November 1st, 2007. Athlone Town Centre comprises two internal streets, with 54 shops and a hotel, and is the largest shopping and leisure centre in Ireland, outside Dublin. AthloneShopping.com is a website which contains information about shopping in Athlone. Athlone Regional Sports Centre is a facility (established May 2002) developed by the Town Council. Sean's Bar, located on the west bank of the river, is listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest pub in the British and Irish Isles. Other popular attractions for visitors are the Glendeer Open Farm and the Viking Cruise of the Shannon. The town's tourist office is located at Athlone Castle, in the town centre. Education & industry
Athlone on the Shannon Athlone is the regional centre for a large number of state and semi-state organisations. The Department of Education & Science, The State Examinations Commission, Revenue Commissioners, FÁS Midlands Region, Bus Éireann, Iarnród Éireann, IDA Ireland, and Enterprise Ireland all have bases in the town. Athlone is also a major military centre, Custume Barracks on the West bank of the Shannon is the headquarters of the Western Command of the Irish Army. Athlone Institute of Technology (AIT) is the regional third level college. Athlone forms part of the ill fated Midlands Gateway, or triangle as it became known, along with Mullingar and Tullamore. Alongside Waterford's Institute of Technology, AIT harbours ambitions of attaining university status, as there is no institution providing university-level education in the Irish Midlands. BroadcastingBetween 1931 and 1975 the main radio transmission centre for Irish radio was located at Moydrum, Athlone. The original call-sign was 2RN (a wordplay on the song "Come back to Erin"). It subsequently became known as "Radio Athlone" and could clearly be heard throughout Europe, and as far as Moscow. This changed as bandwidth allocations were accorded at the Treaty of Helsinki. It operated at a power of 60 kW (further increased to 100 kW in the 1950s). Many old radio sets in Europe had the "Athlone" dial position marked near the end of their tuning scales. In the late 1970s the station reopened on a new dial position of 612 kHz for "Radio 2" (later known as RTÉ 2fm). Moydrum was also the location of Ireland's short lived Shortwave international radio service that was closed down in 1948 due to lack of money. Today, RTÉ's Midlands studios are located in Athlone, at St. Mary's Square. The local radio station is Midlands 103. Many also tune into Shannonside. [4] A new radio station i107fm is scheduled to open in 2007. This station will be geared to the 18-34 age group in the midlands and north-east. And again in affirmation of Athlone's broadcasting roots yet another station is about to be launched on a nationwide basis, using the 612 kHz band, with a Christian emphasis. As well as this the Athlone Community Taskforce and several members of Roscommon community radio station RosFM have begun broadcasting from the Athlone area under the banner of the Athlone Community Radio on 101.6fm. The first broadcast was the 15th of March 2008 and is set to run every Saturday and Sunday for the following 15 weeks until the end of the temporary license they received.[5] [6] SportsAs well as having a Regional Sports Centre, Athlone has a variety of sporting organisations:
Recently announced was the decision that Athlone will host the European Triathlon Championships in 2010. This is expected to bring 5,000 athletes for the event. [7] People
Twin cityAthlone is twinned with Chateaubriant, France. Student exchanges take place between Athlone and Chateaubriant on a regular basis. Student exchanges also take part between Athlone and the German towns of Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Menden although they are not twinned. 
River Shannon at Athlone See also
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References
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