The Application Layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model, and the top layer of the TCP/IP model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the Presentation Layer (OSI).

The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.

The application layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the entire group of application layer, Presentation Layer, and Session Layer in the seven layer OSI model.

Protocol examples

• 9P, Plan 9 from Bell Labs distributed file system protocol
• AFP, Apple Filing Protocol
• APPC, Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
• AMQP, Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
• Basenet
• BitTorrent
• Atom Publishing Protocol
• BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol
• CFDP, Coherent File Distribution Protocol
• DDS, Data Distribution Service
• DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• DeviceNet
• DNS, Domain Name System (Service) Protocol
• eDonkey
• ENRP, Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol
• FastTrack (KaZaa, Grokster, iMesh)
• Finger, User Information Protocol
• Freenet
• FTAM, File Transfer Access and Management
• FTP, File Transfer Protocol
• Gopher, Gopher protocol
• HL7, Health Level Seven
• HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol
• H.323, Packet-Based Multimedia Communications System
• IMAP, IMAP4, Internet Message Access Protocol (version 4)
• IRCP, Internet Relay Chat Protocol
• Kademlia
• LDAP, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
• LPD, Line Printer Daemon Protocol
• MIME (S-MIME), Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions and Secure MIME
• Modbus
• Netconf
• NFS, Network File System
• NIS, Network Information Service
• NNTP, Network News Transfer Protocol
• NTCIP, National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol
• NTP, Network Time Protocol
• OSCAR, AOL Instant Messenger Protocol
• PNRP, Peer Name Resolution Protocol
• POP, POP3, Post Office Protocol (version 3)
• Rlogin, Remote Login in UNIX Systems
• RTPS, Real Time Publish Subscribe
• RTSP, Real Time Streaming Protocol
• SAP, Session Announcement Protocol
• SDP, Session Description Protocol
• SIP, Session Initiation Protocol
• SLP, Service Location Protocol
• SMB, Server Message Block
• SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
• SNTP, Simple Network Time Protocol
• RDP, Remote Desktop Protocol
• SSH, Secure Shell
• TCAP, Transaction Capabilities Application Part
• TDS, Tabular Data Stream
• TELNET, Terminal Emulation Protocol of TCP/IP
• TFTP, Trivial File Transfer Protocol
• TSP, Time Stamp Protocol
• VTP, Virtual Terminal Protocol
• Waka, an HTTP replacement protocol
• Whois (and RWhois), Remote Directory Access Protocol
• WebDAV
• X.400, Message Handling Service Protocol
• X.500, Directory Access Protocol (DAP)
• XMPP, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

See also

• OSI protocols
• Internet Protocol Suite
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

External links

• How The Application Layer Works

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