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Apollo 16
Apollo 16 Landing Site photographed by Eric S. Kounce of the West Texas Astronomers (www.wtastro.org) on October 28, 2006 at the Telescope at McDonald Observatory The Apollo 16 subsatellite was launched from the CSM while it was in lunar orbit. The subsatellite carried out experiments on magnetic fields and solar particles. It was launched April 24, 1972 at 21:56:09 UTC and orbited the Moon for 34 days and 425 revolutions. It had a mass of 80 lb (36.3 kg) and consisted of a central cylinder and three 1.5 m booms. En route to the moon, the Apollo 16 astronauts took several photos of Earth. One of which was with North America in the background, with much of the northern portion of the continent under extensive cloud cover. Despite a malfunction in the Command Module which almost aborted the lunar landing, Apollo 16 landed successfully in the Descartes Highlands on April 21.
CrewNumber in parentheses indicates number of spaceflights by each individual prior to and including this mission.
Young and Duke served as the backup crew to Apollo 13; Mattingly was slated as the Apollo 13 command module pilot until being pulled from the mission due to his exposure to rubella by Duke. Backup crew
Although not officially announced, the original backup crew consisted of Haise (CDR), William R. Pogue (CMP) and Gerald Carr (LMP) who were targeted for the prime crew assignment on Apollo 19.[1] However, after the widely expected cancellations of Apollo 18 and Apollo 19 were finalized in September 1970 it meant that this crew would not rotate to a lunar mission as planned. Subsequently, Roosa and Mitchell were recycled to serve as members of the backup crew after returning from Apollo 14 while Pogue and Carr were re-assigned to the Skylab program where they later flew on Skylab 4. Support crewMission parameters
8° 58' 22.84" S - 15° 30' 0.68" E LM - CSM dockingEVAs
Mattingly's EVA was only the second trans-earth EVA ever and was used to bring in film from exterior cameras and conduct an experiment on microbial survival. The splashdown point was 0 deg 43 min S, 156 deg 13 min W, 215 miles (350 km) southeast of Christmas Island and 5 km (3 mi) from the recovery ship USS Ticonderoga. Mission highlights
John Young jumps while saluting the American flag. (NASA) A malfunction in a backup yaw gimbal servo loop in the main propulsion system of the CSM Casper caused concerns about firing the engine to adjust the CSM's lunar orbit, and nearly caused the Moon landing to be scrubbed. After a delayed first landing attempt, it was determined that the malfunction presented relatively little risk, and Young and Duke (who were already undocked, and flying LM Orion when the problem occurred) were permitted to land on the Moon. However, the mission was shortened by a day (reducing the time in orbit around the Moon after the LM left the Moon and docked with the CSM), as a safety measure. Young and Duke spent three days exploring the Descartes highland region, while Mattingly circled overhead in Casper. This was the only one of the six Apollo landings to target the lunar highlands. The astronauts discovered that what was thought to have been a region of volcanism was actually a region full of impact-formed rocks (breccias). Their collection of returned specimens included an 25 pound (11.7 kg) chunk that was the largest single rock returned by the Apollo astronauts[2] (nicknamed "Big Muley" after Bill Muehlberger, principal investigator for the mission's geology activities[3]). The scientific results of Apollo 16 caused planetary geologists to revise previous interpretations of the lunar highlands, concluding that meteorite impacts were the dominant agent in shaping the moon's ancient surfaces. The Apollo 16 astronauts also conducted performance tests with the lunar rover, at one time getting up to a top speed of eleven miles per hour (eighteen kilometers per hour), which still stands as the record speed for any wheeled vehicle on the Moon (listed as such in the Guinness Book of Records). 
John Young works at the LRV near the LM Orion (NASA) Relics
Mock-up of Orion on display at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center The Casper command module is currently at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, in Huntsville, Alabama. The lunar module ascent stage separated 24 April 1972 but a loss of attitude control rendered it out of control. It orbited the Moon for about a year. Its impact site on the Moon is unknown. 
depiction of the plaque left on the Moon by Apollo 16 Charles Duke donated some relics, including a lunar map, to Kennesaw State University in Kennesaw, Georgia. He also left a plastic-encased photo portrait of his family on the moon. Mission insignia
Panoramic Assembly of Apollo 16 Plum and Flag Craters (moonpans.com) The circular patch featured an eagle with wings outstretched, perched atop a red, white, and blue shield, over a lunar surface. The vector symbol from the NASA logo was placed on top of the shield, and then across the shield were written the words APOLLO 16. The artwork was bordered in white, with a blue band carrying 16 stars and the crew names. There was a gold border. The patch was designed by NASA artist Barbara Matelski. Quotes"I mean, I haven't eaten this much citrus fruit in 20 years! And I'll tell you one thing, in another 12 fucking days, I ain't never eating any more," John Young, reacting to stomach problems caused by drinking extra orange juice (to prevent an electrolyte deficiency identified in crew of Apollo 15). [4] MediaAn Apollo 16 astronaut driving the Lunar Rover See also
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af:Apollo 16 bg:????? 16 ca:Apollo 16 cs:Apollo 16 da:Apollo 16 de:Apollo 16 et:Apollo 16 es:Apolo 16 fa:????? ?? fr:Apollo 16 id:Apollo 16 it:Apollo 16 he:????? 16 hu:Apollo?16 nl:Apollo 16 ja:???16? no:Apollo 16 pl:Apollo 16 pt:Apollo 16 ru:???????-16 sk:Apollo 16 sl:Apollo 16 fi:Apollo 16 sv:Apollo 16 tr:Apollo 16 uk:???????-16 zh:???16? Source: Wikipedia | The above article is available under the GNU FDL. | Edit this article
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