Digiscoping

Digiscoping

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Digiscoping

Moon through telescope's eyepiece and digital camera's zoom objective

Digiscoping is a method of obtaining photos using a digital camera through a spotting scope, telescope or, less often, binoculars. Afocal projection is a method of astrophotography in which photographs are taken by holding or mounting the camera over the telescope eyepiece, with the camera taking the place of your eye. Afocal projection is the method most commonly associated with digiscoping.

Benefits
Astronomy
Bird watching
Other variants
External links

Benefits

Cost-effectiveness ? reasonable to good results can be achieved using digital cameras (and even old webcams), attached to a telescope, without the need for a large and expensive telephoto lenses. Not having to use a telephoto lens also allows users to upgrade the camera, buying another brand because a telescope is compatible with a wider range of models/brands of camera than a telephoto lens.
Compact ? for birders and nature watchers who already carry a telescope, the additional size and weight of a few adapters and a small compact digital camera is fairly insignificant.
Extremely high effective magnifications ? digiscoping offers high effective magnification, often more than any commonly available telephoto lenses. Focal lengths equivalent to 2000mm and more on a 35mm film camera are common.
No camera vibration ? the compact cameras typically used do not suffer from the image degrading vibration and noise caused by the moving reflex mirrors of SLR-type cameras.
Preview and recapture ? digital cameras provide a preview on the LCD viewer while aiming, or after capturing. Users can delete and re-take the picture if not satisfied with the earlier attempt.
Digital image format ? images are already in digital format, and thus can be easily modified and enhanced as necessary using digital image editing software.
Autofocus ? camera-based contrast detect autofocus is often still functional to assist in fine-tuning final image focus.

For the best possible results, it is crucial that the optical axis of both the camera and the telescope are aligned. The distance between the camera objective and the telescope eyepiece is also important and typically is adjusted by trial and error. Originally, attaching the camera to the telescope would greatly depend upon the craftsmanship of the photographer, though there are now many commercial adapters available. The quality of the telescope and eyepiece are critical factors. Telescopes that use objectives with special refractive elements and scopes that use a reflex or catadioptric design yield the best results because they control chromatic aberrations well.

Astronomy

A last quarter of the Moon taken with digiscoping method.

Digiscoping is a modern form of astrophotography long practiced by astronomers. Astrophotography is a technique of combining a camera with a telescope to capture images, a standard practice among astronomers. Historically the 35mm SLR or large format film cameras would be used for this purpose. The advent of the digital camera has introduced a new set of issues, with many advantages but a few key disadvantages.

Astronomers tend to take long-exposure photographs of celestial objects and because of this astronomers originally found digital cameras somewhat problematic due to their high inherent sensor noise. This noise limits their usefulness for long-exposures, especially since point-objects, such as stars, can be obscured by even one "hot" pixel. Continuing advancements in digital camera and image manipulation has somewhat overcome this limitation and digiscoping astronomy has become more popular. In daylight situations where long-exposure times are not required, such as birdwatching, the sensor noise issue is not a problem.

Other than the above, for digiscoping astronomy, a proper telescope mounting and tracking mechanism is also essential due to the movement of stars, and long exposure required to capture distant, low light stars.

Bird watching

A digiscoped photo of a Goosander, taken with a Fujifilm digital camera and a Kowa telescope

This technique is also practiced by birdwatchers or birders, as they prefer to be called in the United States. Birders found the digital camera to be a particularly effective addition to their field telescopes and quickly adopted the digiscoping technique. This technique is called digiscope birding, or digi-birding. For this variety of digiscoping, fast shutter speed and minimal shutter delay are more essential due to bird movement.

When not birding, some birders enjoy using their digiscoping equipment to photograph plants (for example, wild orchids growing in the canopy of a jungle), insects (for example, wild bees near their beehive), other shy or dangerous wild animals, or details in old buildings (for example, statues/gargoyles on the roof of old churches/castles).

Other variants

A recent variant of digiscoping using a camera phone in place of a digital camera is known as phonescoping. The advantage of phonescoping is that one can, for example, send an MMS directly to another birdwatcher to aid or confirm identification.