Affective computing, an area of research in computer science aiming to simulate emotional processes.
Affekt (the German term, which is often used in this context) in musical and other aesthetic theory. (The article currently redirects to Doctrine of the affections.)
The adjective affected is used to describe fake or intentionally assumed behavior, as in affected accent.
Please note that although the word "affect" is most commonly found in verb form, it also exists as a noun, and as such is often confused with the word "effect" (itself most commonly a noun, but occasionally found in verb form).