Abyssinia may refer to the nation of Ethiopia, also formerly known as Abyssinia and including parts of the modern state of Eritrea.

Abyssinia may also refer to:

• SS Abyssinia, 1870 Canadian Pacific steamship
• HMS Abyssinia (1870), British armoured ship
• Abyssinia, Henry, 1975 episode of the M*A*S*H television series
• "Abyssinia", 1976 song by Patti Smith Group, from the album Radio Ethiopia
• Abyssinia (musical), 1987 musical
• Abyssinian (cat), breed of domesticated cat
• Abyssinian, breed of guinea pig