Events

• 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, an unprecedented political arrangement in the Roman Empire.
• 321 - Roman Emperor Constantine I decrees that the dies Solis Invicti (sun-day) is the day of rest in the Empire.
• 1277 - Condemnation of 219 philosophical and theological theses by Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris.
• 1798 - The French army enters Rome: the birth of the Roman Republic.
• 1799 - Napoleon I of France captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
• 1799 - The Royal Institution is founded.
• 1814 - Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne.
• 1815 - Napoleon I of France meets troops of the Fifth Regiment sent by Louis XVIII at Grenoble, and convinces them to join him on his march to Paris.
• 1827 - Brazil marines sail up the Rio Negro (Argentina) and attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina. They are defeated by the local citizens.
• 1827 - Shrigley Abduction: Ellen Turner, a wealthy heiress in Cheshire, England is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future politician in colonial New Zealand.
• 1848 - The Great mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii.
• 1850 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Pea Ridge - Union forces led by General Samuel Curtis defeat Confederate troops under General Earl Van Dorn at Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone (patent # 174,465).
• 1887 - North Carolina State University is founded by the North Carolina General Assembly.
• 1912 - Roald Amundsen first announces to the world that his expedition has reached the South Pole, though they had arrived on December 14, 1911.
• 1914 - Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign.
• 1918 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
• 1926 - The first transatlantic telephone call was made from New York City to London.
• 1936 - World War II (Prelude to): In violation of the Locarno Pact and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.
• 1945 - World War II: American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, establish a bridgehead on Germany soil and in desperate fighting begin to establish a lodgement. This event shakes up the whole Western Front and greatly hastens the end of WW-II.
• 1947 - The Kuomintang and Communist Party of China resume full-fledged Civil War.
• 1948 - The Dodecanese islands officially become part of Greece again, ending the Italian rule.
• 1950 - Cold War: The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy.
• 1951 - Korean War: Operation Ripper - In Korea, United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgeway begin an assault against Chinese forces.
• 1965 - In Selma, Alabama, State troopers and local law enforcement forcefully break up a group of 600 civil rights marchers. The event was televised and was dubbed Bloody Sunday.
• 1968 - The BBC broadcasts the news for the first time in color on television.
• 1969 - Golda Meir nominated by the Labor party as the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
• 1971- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman gave a directional speech at the Race Course Field (Now,Sohrawardi Garden) towards the nation of East Pakistan at that time (Current Bangladesh) which guided Bangladesh to set for the liberation war and clinch victory on 16th December, 1971.
• 1984 - The United States attacks San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua.
• 1988 - Colombia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1989 - Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie and his controversial novel.
• 1989 - The State Council of the People's Republic of China declares martial law in Lhasa, Tibet.
• 1994 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.
• 1996 - The first democratically elected Palestinian parliament is formed.
• 1996 - The Hubble Space Telescope makes the first pictures of the surface of Pluto.
• 2004 - New Democracy wins the national elections in Greece.
• 2005 - Mass protest outside the National Assembly of Kuwait building for women's voting rights in Kuwait.
• 2007 - British House of Commons votes to make the upper chamber, the House of Lords, 100% elected.

Births

• 189 - Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor (d. 211)
• 1481 - Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1537)
• 1556 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (d. 1621)
• 1671 - Robert Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (d. 1734)
• 1678 - Filippo Juvara, Italian architect (d. 1736)
• 1687 - Jean Lebeuf, French historian (d. 1760)
• 1693 - Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)
• 1715 - Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (d. 1759)
• 1715 - Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (d. 1755)
• 1730 - Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (d. 1807)
• 1765 - Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor of photography (d. 1833)
• 1785 - Alessandro Manzoni, Italian writer (d. 1873)
• 1788 - Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1878)
• 1792 - John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)
• 1837 - Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
• 1841 - William Rockhill Nelson, founder of The Kansas City Star and patron of Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (d. 1915)
• 1849 - Luther Burbank, American botanist (d. 1926)
• 1850 - Champ Clark, American politician (d. 1921)
• 1850 - Tomá? Masaryk, first President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)
• 1857 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1940)
• 1872 - Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (d. 1944)
• 1873 - Madame Sul-Te-Wan, American actress (d. 1959)
• 1875 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
• 1878 - Boris Kustodiev, Russian painter (d. 1927)
• 1887 - Heino Eller, Estonian composer (d. 1970)
• 1888 - Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer, Dutch lawyer and politician (d. 1978)
• 1893 - Milton Avery, American artist (d. 1965)
• 1902 - Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)
• 1904 - Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1969)
• 1904 - Reinhard Heydrich, German SS senior officer and Nazi official (d. 1942, by assassination)
• 1908 - Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)
• 1909 - Léo Malet, French writer, known for his series Nestor Burma (d. 1996)
• 1915 - Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician (d. 2000)
• 1917 - Lee Young, American jazz drummer and singer
• 1922 - Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 2004)
• 1925 - Rene Gagnon, US Marine shown in photograph of the Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (d. 1979)
• 1927 - James Broderick, American actor (d. 1982)
• 1927 - Jean-Paul Desbiens, Quebec writer and teacher (d. 2006)
• 1927 - Henri Landwirth, Belgian-American hotel owner and philantropist
• 1930 - Antony Armstrong-Jones, Lord Snowdon, former husband of Princess Margaret
• 1932 - Gene Shalit, American film critic
• 1933 - Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1998)
• 1934 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
• 1934 - Giorgos Katsaros, Greek musician and composer
• 1938 - David Baltimore, American biologist, Nobel laureate
• 1938 - Janet Guthrie, American race car driver
• 1940 - Rudi Dutschke, German student leader (d. 1979)
• 1940 - Daniel J. Travanti, American actor
• 1942 - Tammy Faye Bakker, American televangelist (d. 2007)
• 1942 - Michael Eisner, American film studio executive
• 1942 - Charles R. Boutin, American politician
• 1943 - Chris White, British musician (The Zombies)
• 1944 - Stanley Schmidt, American editor
• 1944 - Townes Van Zandt, American musician and songwriter (d. 1997)
• 1945 - John Heard, American actor
• 1945 - Arthur Lee, American musician (Love) (d. 2006)
• 1946 - Matthew Fisher, British musician (Procol Harum)
• 1946 - Peter Wolf, American musician (J Geils Band)
• 1947 - Richard Lawson, American actor
• 1947 - Walter Röhrl, German race and rally car driver
• 1947 - Helen Eadie, Scottish politician
• 1949 - Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician
• 1950 - Iris Chacon, Puerto Rican singer and dancer
• 1950 - Billy Joe Dupree, American football player
• 1950 - Franco Harris, American football player
• 1951 - Francis Rocco Prestia, American musician (Tower of Power)
• 1952 - Ernie Isley, American musician (The Isley Brothers)
• 1952 - Viv Richards, Antiguan West Indies cricketer
• 1952 - Lynn Swann, American football player
• 1955 - Tommy Kramer, American football player
• 1955 - Anupam Kher, Bollywood Actor
• 1956 - Bryan Cranston, American actor
• 1957 - Robert Harris, English TV reporter and journalist
• 1958 - Alan Hale, American astronomer
• 1958 - Rik Mayall, British actor
• 1959 - Donna Murphy, American actress
• 1960 - Joe Carter, American baseball player
• 1960 - Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player
• 1962 - Taylor Dayne, American singer
• 1962 - Peter Manley, English Darts Player
• 1963 - Bill Brochtrup, American actor
• 1963 - Denyce Graves, American singer
• 1964 - Bret Easton Ellis, American writer
• 1964 - Wanda Sykes, American actress and comedienne
• 1965 - Jack Armstrong, American baseball player
• 1965 - Steve Beuerlein, American football player
• 1965 - Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer
• 1967 - Ai Yazawa, Japanese mangaka
• 1968 - Denis Boucher, Canadian baseball player
• 1968 - Jeff Kent, American baseball player
• 1969 - Warrel Dane, American singer (Nevermore)
• 1969 - Hideki Noda, Japanese racing driver
• 1969 - Shin Ae Ra, Korean actress and radio DJ
• 1971 - Rachel Weisz, British actress
• 1971 - Peter Sarsgaard, American actor
• 1972 - Jang Dong-gun, South Korean actor and musician
• 1972 - Maxim Roy, Quebec actress
• 1973 - Ray Parlour, English footballer
• 1973 - Sébastien Izambard, operatic pop singer (Il Divo)
• 1973 - Jason Bright, Australian racing driver
• 1974 - Larry Bagby, American actor and musician
• 1974 - Jenna Fischer, American actress
• 1974 - Facundo Sava, Argentine footballer
• 1976 - Chelsea Charms, American adult actress
• 1977 - Gianluca Grava, Italian footballer
• 1977 - Ronan O'Gara, Irish rugby union footballer
• 1977 - Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer
• 1980 - Laura Prepon, American actress
• 1982 - Kate Michael, American beauty queen
• 1982 - Erika Yamakawa, Japanese talent
• 1983 - Manucho, Angolan footballer
• 1983 - Taylor Tankersley, American baseball player
• 1984 - Mathieu Flamini, French footballer
• 1984 - Dani Woodward, American Pornographic Star
• 1985 - Thomas Erak, American guitarist
• 1986 - Ben Griffin, Australian soccer player
• 1989 - Gerald Anderson, Filipino actor and model
• 1990 - Abigail and Brittany Hensel, American conjoined twins
• 1992 - Bel Powley , English Actress

Deaths

• 322 BC - Aristotle, Greek philosopher (b. 384 BC)
• 161 - Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (b. 86)
• 203 - Perpetua and Felicitas, Christian martyrs (perhaps after 209)
• 308 - Saint Eubulus, Christian martyr
• 851 - Nominoe, Duke of Brittany
• 1226 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader
• 1274 - Thomas Aquinas, Philosopher (b. 1225)
• 1578 - Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox (b. 1515)
• 1625 - Johann Bayer, German astronomer (b. 1572)
• 1724 - Pope Innocent XIII (b. 1655)
• 1767 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer (b. 1680)
• 1778 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist (b. 1720)
• 1810 - Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (b. 1750)
• 1904 - Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist (b. 1828)
• 1913 - Emily Pauline Johnson, Native Canadian poet
• 1928 - Robert Abbe, American surgeon (b. 1851)
• 1932 - Aristide Briand, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1862)
• 1938 - Andreas Michalakopoulos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
• 1949 - Francis Dodd, English artist (b. 1874)
• 1952 - Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru (b. 1893)
• 1954 - Otto Diels, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
• 1957 - Wyndham Lewis, British author (b. 1882)
• 1967 - Alice B. Toklas, American companion to Gertrude Stein (b. 1877)
• 1974 - Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer and actor (b. 1906)
• 1975 - Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (b. 1895)
• 1975 - Ben Blue, Canadian actor (b. 1901)
• 1976 - Wright Patman, American politician (b. 1893)
• 1978 - Steve Bilko, American baseball player (b. 1928)
• 1981 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (b. 1914)
• 1983 - Igor Markevitch, Ukrainian conductor and composer (b. 1912)
• 1984 - Paul Rotha, English director (b. 1907)
• 1986 - Jacob Javits, American politician (b. 1904)
• 1988 - Divine, American actor (b. 1945)
• 1988 - Robert Livingston, American film actor (b. 1904)
• 1991 - Cool Papa Bell, American baseball player (b. 1903)
• 1995 - Paul-Émile Victor, French explorer (b. 1907)
• 1997 - E. H. Bronner, German-American soap magnate (b. 1908)
• 1997 - Edward Mills Purcell, Nobel laureate (b. 1912)
• 1999 - Sidney Gottlieb, American CIA official (b. 1918)
• 1999 - Stanley Kubrick, American film director (b. 1928)
• 2000 - Charles Gray, British actor (b. 1928)
• 2000 - Pee Wee King, American country music songwriter and musician (b. 1914)
• 2001 - Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903)
• 2004 - Paul Winfield, American actor (b. 1941)
• 2005 - John Box, British film production designer and art director (b. 1920)
• 2005 - Debra Hill, American screenwriter and film producer (b. 1950)
• 2006 - Ali Farka Touré, Malian musician (b. 1939)
• 2006 - Gordon Parks, photographer (b. 1912)
• 2006 - John Junkin, British performer (b. 1930)

Holidays and observances

• Albania ? Teacher's Day
• Bali, Indonesia - Day of Silence (Nyepi)
• Catholicism ? Feast day of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, patron saint of married women

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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