Events

• 1590 - Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris.
• 1661 - Fall of Nicolas Fouquet: Louis XIV Superintendent of Finances is arrested in Nantes by D'Artagnan, captain of the king's musketeers.
• 1666 - Great Fire of London ends: 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral are destroyed, but only 16 people are known to have died.
• 1698 - In an effort to move his people away from archaic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards.
• 1725 - Wedding of Louis XV and Maria Leszczy?ska.
• 1774 - First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1781 - Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War.
• 1793 - French Revolution the French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror.
• 1798 - Conscription is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan law.
• 1800 - Malta is conquered by Great Britain.
• 1816 - Louis XVIII has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber").
• 1836 - Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
• 1839 - The First Opium War begins in China.
• 1840 - Premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's Un giorno di regno at La Scala of Milan.
• 1862 - American Civil War: the Potomac River is crossed at White's Ford in the Maryland Campaign.
• 1864 - Achille François Bazaine becomes Marshall of France.
• 1877 - Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
• 1882 - The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
• 1887 - Fire at Theatre Royal in Exeter, England killed 186
• 1905 - Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, USA, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.
• 1906 - The first legal forward pass in American football is thrown by Bradbury Robinson of St. Louis University to teammate Jack Schneider in a 22-0 victory over Carroll College (Wisconsin).
• 1914 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.
• 1915 - The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.
• 1918 - Decree "On Red Terror" is published in Russia
• 1927 - The first Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoon, Trolley Troubles, produced by Walt Disney, is released by Universal Pictures.
• 1932 - The French Upper Volta is broken apart between Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls.
• 1938 - Chile: A group of youths affiliated with the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile are assassinated in the Seguro Obrero massacre.
• 1939 - World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war.
• 1942 - World War II: Japanese high command orders withdrawal at Milne Bay, first Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.
• 1943 - World War II: The 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment lands and occupies Nazdab, near Lae in the Salamaua-Lae campaign.
• 1944 - Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux.
• 1945 - Cold War: Igor Gouzenko, a Soviet Union embassy clerk, defects to Canada, exposing Soviet espionage in North America, signalling the beginning of the Cold War.
• 1945 - Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose, is arrested in Yokohama.
• 1948 - In France, Robert Schuman becomes President of the Council while being Foreign minister, As such, he is the negotiator of the major treaties of the end of World War II.
• 1957 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista bombs the revolt in Cienfuegos.
• 1960 - The poet Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected as the first President of Senegal.
• 1961 - The first conference of the Non Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade.
• 1969 - My Lai Massacre: U.S. Army Lt. William Calley is charged with six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai.
• 1970 - Vietnam War: Operation Jefferson Glenn begins: the United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thien province.
• 1972 - Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called "Black September" attack Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.
• 1975 - Sacramento, California: a follower of incarcerated cult leader Charles Manson, Lynette Fromme attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.
• 1977 - Hanns Martin Schleyer, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany by the Red Army Faction and is later murdered.
• 1977 - Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.
• 1978 - Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin peace process at Camp David, Maryland.
• 1980 - The St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.224 km) stretching from Goschenen to Airolo.
• 1984 - STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery lands after its maiden voyage.
• 1984 - Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment.
• 1986 - Pan Am Flight 73 with 358 people on board is hijacked at Karachi International Airport.
• 2000 - The Haverstraw-Ossining Ferry makes its maiden voyage.
• 2005 - Mandala Airlines Flight 091 crashes into a heavily-populated residential of Sumatra, Indonesia, killing 104 people on board and at least 39 persons on ground.
• 2007 - 3 terrorists suspected to be a part of Al-Qaeda are arrested in Germany after planning attacks on both the Frankfurt International airport and US military installations. See German Terror Plot 9/07

Births

• 1187 - Louis VIII of France (d. 1226)
• 1567 - Date Masamune, Renowned Samurai and Daimyo in Japan (d. 1636)
• 1568 - Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian, philosopher, and poet (d. 1639)
• 1621 - Juan Andrés Coloma, Spanish noble (d. 1694)
• 1638 - Louis XIV of France (d. 1715)
• 1667 - Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (d. 1733)
• 1695 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
• 1722 - Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony (d. 1763)
• 1725 - Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician (d. 1799)
• 1735 - Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)
• 1750 - Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (d. 1774)
• 1771 - Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general (d. 1847)
• 1774 - Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)
• 1775 - Juan Martín Díez, el Empecinado (the undaunted), Spanish guerrillero (d. 1825)
• 1787 - François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (d. 1850)
• 1791 - Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (d. 1864)
• 1792 - Pierre-Armand Dufrénoy, French geologist and mineralogist (d. 1857).
• 1806 - Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (d. 1865)
• 1807 - Richard Chenevix Trench, Irish Anglican clergyman and philologist (d. 1886)
• 1809 - Manuel Montt Torres, President of Chile (d. 1880)
• 1826 - John Wisden, England cricketer (d. 1884)
• 1827 - Goffredo Mameli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1849)
• 1836 - Justiniano Borgoño, President of Peru (d. 1921)
• 1847 - Jesse James, American outlaw (d. 1882)
• 1857 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist and inventor (d. 1935)
• 1867 - Amy Beach, American composer and pianist (d. 1944)
• 1874 - Nap Lajoie, American baseball player (d. 1959)
• 1876 - Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (d. 1956)
• 1876 - Abdelaziz Thâalbi, Tunisian politician. (d. 1944)
• 1881 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (d. 1938)
• 1888 - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, second President of India (d. 1975)
• 1892 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (d. 1973)
• 1901 - Mario Scelba, Italian politician and former Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1991)
• 1902 - Darryl F. Zanuck, American film producer and executive (d. 1979)
• 1905 - Arthur Koestler, Hungarian writer (d. 1983)
• 1905 - Maurice Challe, French general (d. 1979), one of the leaders of the Algiers putsch in 1961.
• 1905 - Justiniano Montano, Filipino politician (d. 2005)
• 1908 - Gloria Holden, British actress (d. 1991)
• 1909 - Archie Jackson, Australian cricketer (d. 1933)
• 1910 - Phiroze Palia, Indian cricketer (d. 1981)
• 1912 - John Cage, American composer (d. 1992)
• 1912 - Kristina Söderbaum, German actress and photographer (d. 2001)
• 1912 - Frank Thomas, American animator (d. 2004)
• 1914 - Nicanor Parra, Chilian poet and mathematician
• 1916 - Frank Yerby American novelist (d. 1991)
• 1916 - Frank Shuster, Canadian comedian (Wayne and Shuster) (d. 2002)
• 1918 - Luis Alcoriza, Mexican screenwriter, film director, and actor (d. 1992)
• 1921 - Jack Valenti, American political advisor and film executive (d. 2007)
• 1923 - Ken Meuleman, Australian cricketer (d. 2004)
• 1924 - Paul Dietzel, American college football coach
• 1927 - Paul Volcker, former chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank
• 1929 - Bob Newhart, American actor and comedian
• 1929 - Andrian Nikolayev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2004)
• 1933 - Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Chilian catholic archbishop
• 1934 - Carol Lawrence, American actress and singer
• 1935 - Johnny Briggs MBE, English actor
• 1936 - Jonathan Kozol, American writer, sociologist
• 1936 - Bill Mazeroski, American baseball player
• 1937 - Antonio Valentin Angelillo, Argentinian footballer
• 1937 - Colin Wesley, South African cricketer
• 1937 - William Devane, American actor
• 1939 - Claudette Colvin, American civil rights movement leader (Montgomery Bus Boycott)
• 1939 - John Stewart, American musician (The Kingston Trio) (d. 2008)
• 1939 - George Lazenby, Australian actor
• 1939 - Clay Regazzoni, Swiss racing driver (d. 2006)
• 1940 - Raquel Welch, American actress
• 1942 - Werner Herzog, German film director
• 1942 - Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (d. 1995)
• 1942 - Denise Fabre French television presenter.
• 1943 - Dulce Saguisag, Filipino politician and former DSWD Secretary. (d. 2007)
• 1944 - Dario Bellezza, Italian poet, author and playwright (d. 1996)
• 1945 - Al Stewart, Scottish singer and songwriter
• 1946 - Freddie Mercury, Zanzibar-born singer and songwriter (Queen) (d. 1991)
• 1946 - Loudon Wainwright III, American singer and composer
• 1946 - Begum Khaleda Zia, former Prime Minister of Bangladesh
• 1947 - Buddy Miles, American musician (d. 2008)
• 1947 - Bruce Yardley, Australian cricketer
• 1948 - Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian diplomat and politician
• 1950 - Cathy Guisewite, American cartoonist
• 1950 - Paul William Roberts, Canadian writer
• 1951 - Paul Breitner, German footballer
• 1951 - Patti McGuire, American model and television producer
• 1951 - Michael Keaton, American actor
• 1954 - Frederick Kempe, American author, journalist, and executive
• 1954 - Richard Austin, West Indian cricketer
• 1956 - Roine Stolt, Swedish guitarist (The Flower Kings)
• 1957 - Peter Winnen, Dutch bicycle road athlete
• 1961 - Marc-André Hamelin, Canadian pianist
• 1962 - Peter Wingfield, Welsh actor
• 1963 - Juan Alderete, American bassist (Racer X)
• 1963 - Jeff Brantley, American baseball player
• 1963 - Jonathan Phillips, English actor
• 1963 - Taki Inoue, Japanese racing driver
• 1963 - Kristian Alfonso, American actress
• 1964 - Frank Farina, Australian footballer
• 1965 - Chris Morris, English satirist
• 1965 - David Brabham, Australian racing driver
• 1965 - César Rincón, colombian matador
• 1966 - Achero Mañas, Spanish actor and film director
• 1966 - Milinko Panti?, retired Serbian footballer
• 1967 - India Hicks, English model
• 1967 - Jane Sixsmith, English field hockey player
• 1968 - Brad Wilk, American musician (Audioslave, Rage Against the Machine)
• 1969 - Leonardo Nascimento de Araujo, Brazilian footballer
• 1969 - Mark Ramprakash, English cricketer
• 1969 - Dweezil Zappa, American musician
• 1970 - Steve Burton, American actor
• 1970 - Kim Hye-su, South Korean actress and model
• 1970 - Liam Lynch, American musician (Sifl and Olly)
• 1970 - Mohammad Rafique, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1971 - Adam Hollioake, England cricketer
• 1972 - Shane Sewell, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1972 - Guy Whittall, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1973 - Rose McGowan, Italian-born actress
• 1973 - Alexandra Kerry, daughter of American Senator John Kerry
• 1973 - Paddy Considine, English actor
• 1974 - Rawl Lewis, West Indian cricketer
• 1975 - Rod Barajas, American baseball player
• 1975 - George Boateng, Dutch footballer
• 1975 - Matt Geyer, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1975 - Jamie Spaniolo, American horrorcore rapper
• 1976 - Tatyana Gutsu, Ukrainian gymnast
• 1976 - Carice van Houten, Dutch actress
• 1977 - Rosevelt Colvin, American football player
• 1977 - Joseba Etxeberria, Spanish football winger
• 1977 - Minoru Fujita, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1977 - Alexey Harkov, Russian bassist (Kipelov, Sergey Mavrin)
• 1977 - Nazr Mohammed, American Basketball player
• 1978 - Laura Bertram, Canadian actress
• 1978 - Chris Jack, New Zealand rugby union footballer
• 1978 - Zhang Zhong, Chinese chess player
• 1978 - Sylvester Joseph, West Indian cricketer
• 1979 - John Carew, Norwegian footballer
• 1979 - Stacey Dales, Canadian basketball player and sportscaster
• 1979 - George O'Callaghan, Irish footballer
• 1980 - Franco Costanzo, Argentinian football goalkeeper
• 1981 - Drew Carter, American football player
• 1981 - Filippo Volandri, Italian tennis player
• 1982 - Alexandre Geijo, Spanish/Swiss footballer
• 1982 - Sondre Lerche, Norwegian musician
• 1983 - Eugen Bopp, Ukrainian-German footballer
• 1983 - Pablo Granoche, Uruguayan footballer
• 1983 - Xavier Susai, Australian comedian
• 1984 - Trey Hill, Grammy-nominated musician
• 1985 - Ryan Guy, American soccer player
• 1987 - Pierre Casiraghi, son of Princess Caroline of Monaco
• 1990 - Kim Yu-Na, Korean figure skater
• 1991 - Skandar Keynes, English actor

Deaths

• 1165 - Emperor Nijo of Japan (b. 1143)
• 1201 - Constance, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1161)
• 1235 - Henry I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1165)
• 1548 - Catherine Parr, Sixth wife of Henry VIII of England (b. c. 1512)
• 1607 - Pomponne de Bellièvre, chancellor of France (b. 1529)
• 1629 - Domenico Allegri, Italian composer (b. c. 1585)
• 1734 - Nicolas Bernier, French musician and composer (b. 1664)
• 1786 - Jonas Hanway, English merchant, traveler, and philanthropist (b. 1712)
• 1803 - Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (b. 1741)
• 1803 - François Devienne, French composer (b. 1759)
• 1808 - John Home, Scottish writer (b. 1722)
• 1836 - Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (b. 1790)
• 1838 - Charles Percier, French architect (b. 1764)
• 1857 - Auguste Comte, French sociologist (b. 1798)
• 1867 - Santiago Derqui, Argentinian politician (b. 1809)
• 1876 - Manuel Blanco Encalada, first president of Chile (b. 1790)
• 1877 - Crazy Horse, Lakota (Sioux) chief (b. 1849)
• 1898 - Sarah Edmonds, Canadian nurse, soldier, and spy (b. 1841)
• 1901 - Ignacij Klemen?i?, Slovenian physicist (b. 1853)
• 1902 - Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist and politician (b. 1821)
• 1906 - Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (b. 1844)
• 1912 - Arthur MacArthur, Jr., U.S. Army general (b. 1845)
• 1914 - Charles Péguy, French poet, essayist and editor (b. 1873)
• 1917 - Marian Smoluchowski, Polish physicist (b. 1872)
• 1920 - Robert Harron, American actor (b. 1893)
• 1922 - Georgette Agutte, French painter (b. 1867)
• 1926 - Karl Harrer, German journalist and politician, founding member of the "DAP", which would become the Nazi Party (b. 1890)
• 1930 - Robert Means Thompson, American naval officer (b. 1849)
• 1931 - John Thomson, football player who died in an accidental collision during a match (b. 1909)
• 1932 - Francisco Acebal, Spanish novelist, playwright and journalist (b. 1866)
• 1936 - Federico Borrell García, Spanish anarchist soldier during the Spanish Civil War (b. 1912)
• 1936 - Gustave Kahn, French Symbolist poet and art critic (b. 1859)
• 1942 - François de Labouchère, French aviator of World War II, compagnon de la Libération. (b. 1917)
• 1945 - Clem Hill, Australian cricketer (b. 1877)
• 1948 - Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (b. 1881)
• 1953 - Richard Walther Darré, Nazi politician, one of the leading ?blood and soil? ideologists (b. 1895)
• 1954 - Eugen Schiffer, German politician (b. 1860)
• 1965 - Thomas Johnston, Scottish-born politician (b. 1882)
• 1966 - Dezs? Lauber, Hungarian athlete (b. 1879)
• 1970 - Jochen Rindt, German-Austrian race car driver and one-time F1 (posthumous) world champion (b. 1942)
• 1973 - Jack Fournier, American baseball player (b. 1889)
• 1975 - Georg Ots, Estonian singer (b. 1920)
• 1977 - Marcel Thiry, Belgian writer and wallon militant (b. 1897)
• 1979 - Alberto di Jorio, former head of the Vatican Bank and secretary of the 1958 conclave (b. 1884)
• 1982 - Douglas Bader, RAF fighter pilot in World War II (b. 1910)
• 1983 - Antonio Mairena, flamenco singer (b. 1909)
• 1988 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (b. 1913)
• 1990 - Ivan Mihailov, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1896)
• 1992 - Fritz Leiber, American author (b. 1910)
• 1997 - Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (b. 1912)
• 1997 - Mother Teresa, Albanian-born missionary and humanitarian, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1910)
• 1998 - Leo Penn, American film director (b. 1921)
• 1998 - Verner Panton, Danish designer (b. 1926)
• 1999 - Allen Funt, American radio and television personality (b. 1914)
• 1999 - Bryce Mackasey, Canadian politician (b. 1921)
• 2001 - Vladimir ?erjavi?, Croatian UN statistician (b. 1912)
• 2001 - Justin Wilson, American Cajun chef and humorist (b. 1914)
• 2002 - David Todd Wilkinson, American astronomer, author of the first study of the Cosmic microwave background radiation (b. 1935)
• 2003 - Gisele MacKenzie, Canadian-born singer (b. 1927)
• 2005 - Roberto Viaux, Chilean Army General and the primary planner in two failed coup d'état attempt in Chile (b. 1917)
• 2007 - Jennifer Dunn, American politician (b. 1941)
• 2007 - Paul Gillmor, American politician (b. 1939)
• 2007 - D. James Kennedy, American televangelist (b. 1930)
• 2007 - Thomas Hansen (musician) (b. 1976)

Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Jupiter Stator to commemorate that Jupiter helped Romulus to stop the Sabine invasion under Titus Tatius.
• RC Saints - The feast day of Teresa of Calcutta, currently pending sainthood.
• India - The birthdate of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is celebrated as Teacher's Day in India.
• Zechariah and Elisabeth, parents of John the Baptist
• Bertin, abbot of Saint-Omer.
• Abdas of Susa

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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